Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, 51 Weijin South Street, Hexi District, Tianjin 300381, China.
Exp Brain Res. 2013 May;226(4):463-72. doi: 10.1007/s00221-013-3449-9. Epub 2013 Apr 10.
We studied multi-muscle synergies of healthy elderly persons during preparation to making a step (self-paced vs. reaction time). The uncontrolled manifold hypothesis was used to explore the organization of leg and trunk muscles into groups (M-modes) and co-variation of M-mode involvement (M-mode synergies) during stepping tasks. We hypothesized that aging accounts for changes in the structure of M-modes, as well as in M-mode synergies. Subjects performed two tasks: (1) a cyclic COP shift over a range corresponding to the maximal amplitude of voluntary COP shift at 1 Hz, (2) stepping tasks under 3 instructions, "comfortably, self-paced," "very quick, self-paced," and "as fast as possible to a visual signal." Electromyographic signals of 10 postural muscles were recorded and analyzed. Principal component analysis was used to identify M-modes within the space of integrated indices of muscle activity in the cyclic sway task. Variance in the M-mode space across stepping trials was partitioned into two components, one that did not affect the average value of COP shift and the other that did. An index (ΔV) corresponding to the normalized difference between two components of variance was computed. The elderly subjects showed more "co-contraction M-mode" and "mixed M-mode" than that of the young subjects. During stepping tasks, both subject groups showed M-mode synergies stabilizing COP shifts in the stepping and supporting legs. The synergies of elderly subjects showed a smaller and delayed value than that of the young subjects. These results suggest that aging is associated with diminished control in multi-muscle synergies in the anticipatory postural adjustments during gait initiation.
我们研究了健康老年人在准备迈步(自主和反应时间)时多肌肉协同作用。使用无控制流形假说来探索腿部和躯干肌肉组织成组(M 模式)以及在迈步任务中 M 模式参与的协变(M 模式协同作用)。我们假设衰老会导致 M 模式结构以及 M 模式协同作用的变化。被试执行两项任务:(1)在对应于 1 Hz 时自愿 COP 最大幅度的范围内进行 COP 循环转移,(2)在 3 种指令下进行迈步任务,“舒适,自主”、“非常快,自主”和“尽快跟随视觉信号”。记录和分析 10 个姿势肌的肌电图信号。主成分分析用于在循环摆动任务中肌肉活动综合指标空间内识别 M 模式。在迈步试验中,M 模式空间中的方差分为两个分量,一个不影响 COP 转移的平均值,另一个则会影响。计算了对应于方差两个分量之间归一化差的指标(ΔV)。老年受试者比年轻受试者显示出更多的“共同收缩 M 模式”和“混合 M 模式”。在迈步任务中,两个受试者组都显示出 M 模式协同作用,稳定了迈步和支撑腿的 COP 转移。老年受试者的协同作用值较小且延迟。这些结果表明,衰老与步态起始时预期姿势调整中多肌肉协同作用的控制能力下降有关。