Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 677 Ala Moana Boulevard, Suite 200, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
Health Psychol. 2013 May;32(5):533-42. doi: 10.1037/a0027634.
We tested a dual-process model based on behavioral and emotional regulation constructs, which posits that good self-control and poor regulation make independent contributions and have different types of pathways to outcomes. The utility of the model for predicting substance use was tested in two diverse populations of younger adolescents.
A survey was administered in classrooms to middle-school students in Westchester County, New York (N = 601) and Honolulu, Hawaii (N = 881). The New York sample was 8% African American, 5% Asian American, 47% Caucasian, 31% Hispanic, and 9% other ethnicity. The Hawaii sample was 21% Asian American, 8% Caucasian, 26% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 34% Filipino, and 10% other ethnicity. Structural equation modeling analyses tested pathways from the four regulation variables through six hypothesized mediators to a criterion construct of substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana).
Results were replicated across samples and were consistent with prediction. Unique contributions were found for good self-control and poor regulation, including both behavioral and emotional aspects. Good self-control had an inverse effect on substance use primarily through relations to higher levels of protective factors (e.g., academic competence). Poor regulation independently had a risk-promoting effect on substance use through relations to higher levels of risk factors (e.g., negative life events).
Two field studies showed the dual-process model is robust across different populations. Substance prevention programs should consider approaches for enhancing good self-control as well as procedures for reducing poor regulation and minimizing its impact. Extensions to health behaviors including dietary intake and physical activity are discussed.
我们检验了一个基于行为和情绪调节结构的双重过程模型，该模型假定良好的自我控制和不良的调节各自具有独立的作用，并通过不同类型的途径对结果产生影响。该模型预测物质使用的效用在两个不同的青少年人群中进行了测试。
在纽约州威彻斯特县（N=601）和夏威夷火奴鲁鲁（N=881）的课堂上对中学生进行了一项调查。纽约样本中 8%为非裔美国人，5%为亚裔美国人，47%为白种人，31%为西班牙裔，9%为其他族裔。夏威夷样本中 21%为亚裔美国人，8%为白种人，26%为夏威夷/太平洋岛民，34%为菲律宾裔，10%为其他族裔。结构方程模型分析检验了从四个调节变量通过六个假设的中介变量到物质使用（烟草、酒精和大麻）的标准构念的途径。
结果在两个样本中得到了复制，并且与预测一致。良好的自我控制和不良的调节都有独特的贡献，包括行为和情绪方面。良好的自我控制对物质使用的影响是反向的，主要通过与更高水平的保护因素（如学业能力）的关系。不良的调节通过与更高水平的风险因素（如负面生活事件）的关系，对物质使用具有独立的促进风险的作用。
两项现场研究表明，双重过程模型在不同人群中具有稳健性。物质预防计划应考虑增强良好自我控制的方法，以及减少不良调节和最小化其影响的程序。还讨论了对健康行为（包括饮食摄入和体育活动）的扩展。
