Ostafin Brian D, Kassman Kyle T, Wessel Ineke
Department of Psychology, University of Groningen.
Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2013 Dec;27(4):1153-8. doi: 10.1037/a0032621. Epub 2013 May 6.
Stimuli with strong affective valence capture attention. This can impede the self-regulation of impulses. That is, preoccupation with a tempting stimulus such as alcohol may lead to a continued activation of automatic affective responses to that stimulus, increasing the likelihood of approach and consumption. Self-regulation may, thus, benefit from variables that weaken the relation between salient stimuli and cognitive preoccupation with those stimuli. Recent research shows that mindfulness and executive control reduce the link between automatic affective responses to alcohol and alcohol consumption. In this study, the authors examined whether mindfulness and executive control may similarly decouple the relation between automatic affective responses and difficulty in disengaging attention from alcohol-related thoughts. Participants completed measures of trait mindfulness, executive control (a working memory task), automatic alcohol-valence associations, and preoccupation with alcohol-related thoughts. Results showed that (a) both trait mindfulness and executive control are inversely related with alcohol preoccupation, and (b) both mindfulness and executive control weaken a positive relation between automatic alcohol-valence associations and alcohol preoccupation.
具有强烈情感效价的刺激会吸引注意力。这可能会阻碍冲动的自我调节。也就是说，对诸如酒精之类的诱人刺激的全神贯注可能会导致对该刺激的自动情感反应持续激活，增加接近和消费的可能性。因此，自我调节可能会受益于那些削弱显著刺激与对这些刺激的认知全神贯注之间关系的变量。最近的研究表明，正念和执行控制会减少对酒精的自动情感反应与酒精消费之间的联系。在这项研究中，作者检验了正念和执行控制是否同样会解开自动情感反应与难以将注意力从与酒精相关的想法中脱离之间的关系。参与者完成了特质正念、执行控制（一项工作记忆任务）、自动酒精效价联想以及对与酒精相关想法的全神贯注的测量。结果表明：（a）特质正念和执行控制都与对酒精问题的全神贯注呈负相关；（b）正念和执行控制都会削弱自动酒精效价联想与对酒精问题的全神贯注之间的正相关关系。
