Patel Barkha P, Luhovyy Bohdan, Mollard Rebecca, Painter James E, Anderson G Harvey
a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013 Apr;38(4):382-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0309. Epub 2013 Apr 1.
The effect of a premeal snack of grapes, raisins, or a mix of almonds and raisins, compared with a water control, on food intake (FI) was examined in 8- to 11-year-old normal-weight (15th to 85th percentile) children. Children randomly received 1 of 4 ad libitum (Experiment 1: 13 boys, 13 girls) or fixed-calorie (150 kcal; Experiment 2: 13 boys, 13 girls) treatments, followed by an ad libitum pizza meal 30 min later. Appetite was measured throughout the study, and FI was measured at 30 min. The ad libitum consumption (Experiment 1) of raisins reduced pizza intake (p < 0.037), compared with water (26%), grapes (22%), and the mixed snack (15%). Cumulative energy intake (in kcal: snack + pizza) was lower after water and raisins than after either grapes or the mixed snack (p < 0.031). As a fixed-calorie (150 kcal) snack (Experiment 2), raisins reduced pizza intake, compared with water (∼11%, p = 0.005), and resulted in a cumulative intake similar to water; however, both grapes and the mixed snack resulted in higher cumulative intakes (p < 0.015). Appetite was lower after all caloric ad libitum snacks (p < 0.003) and after fixed amounts of grapes and the mixed snack (p < 0.037), compared with water. In conclusion, consumption of a premeal snack of raisins, but not grapes or a mix of raisins and almonds, reduces meal-time energy intake and does not lead to increased cumulative energy intake in children.
在8至11岁正常体重（第15至85百分位数）的儿童中，研究了与饮水对照相比，葡萄、葡萄干或杏仁与葡萄干混合物的餐前小吃对食物摄入量（FI）的影响。儿童随机接受4种自由进食（实验1：13名男孩，13名女孩）或固定热量（150千卡；实验2：13名男孩，13名女孩）处理中的一种，30分钟后自由进食披萨餐。在整个研究过程中测量食欲，并在30分钟时测量FI。与水（26%）、葡萄（22%）和混合小吃（15%）相比，葡萄干的自由进食量（实验1）减少了披萨摄入量（p<0.037）。饮水和食用葡萄干后的累积能量摄入量（千卡：小吃+披萨）低于食用葡萄或混合小吃后（p<0.031）。作为固定热量（150千卡）的小吃（实验2），与水相比，葡萄干减少了披萨摄入量（约11%，p=0.005），并导致累积摄入量与水相似；然而，葡萄和混合小吃都导致了更高的累积摄入量（p<0.015）。与水相比，所有热量自由进食的小吃后（p<0.003）以及固定量的葡萄和混合小吃后（p<0.037）食欲较低。总之，食用葡萄干作为餐前小吃可减少儿童用餐时的能量摄入，且不会导致累积能量摄入增加，而葡萄或葡萄干与杏仁的混合物则不然。
