Department of Neurosciences University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Transl Neurodegener. 2013 Jun 4;2(1):13. doi: 10.1186/2047-9158-2-13.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a synucleinopathy-induced chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, worldwide affecting about 5 million humans. As of yet, actual therapies are symptomatic, and neuroprotective strategies are an unmet need. Due to their capability to transdifferentiate, to immune modulate and to increase neuroplasticity by producing neurotrophic factors, adult stem cells (ASC) might fill this gap. Preclinical research in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and/or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) lesioned animals established persistent improvements of motor behavior after ASC-treatment. Histological/histochemical measurements in these animals evidenced an intracerebral applied ASC-induced increase of Tyrosine Hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cells with increased striatal dopamine levels, suggesting cell rescue. Likewise, clinical experience with subventricular applied ASCs in PD patients, although limited, is encouraging, evidencing neurorescue especially during the early phase of the disease. In multiple system atrophy (MSA) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, though, only marginal reduced progression of natural progression could be established after subventricular or intravasal ASC implantations.
帕金森病（PD）是一种由突触核蛋白病引起的慢性进行性神经退行性疾病，全球约有 500 万人受其影响。目前，实际的治疗方法是对症治疗，神经保护策略是未满足的需求。由于其具有转分化、免疫调节和产生神经营养因子增加神经可塑性的能力，成人干细胞（ASC）可能填补这一空白。在 6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）和/或 1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）损伤动物的临床前研究中，ASC 治疗后动物的运动行为持续改善。在这些动物中进行的组织学/组织化学测量表明，应用 ASC 可增加脑内酪氨酸羟化酶阳性（TH+）细胞，并增加纹状体多巴胺水平，提示细胞挽救。同样，在 PD 患者中，尽管应用于侧脑室的 ASC 的临床经验有限，但也令人鼓舞，表明神经挽救，特别是在疾病的早期阶段。然而，在多系统萎缩（MSA）或进行性核上性麻痹（PSP）患者中，仅能在侧脑室或血管内植入 ASC 后观察到自然进展的轻微减缓。
