Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Aug;91(8):4017-32. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-6147. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
The objective was to provide a systematic review of the literature on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from swine operations, with a meta-analysis that integrates results of independent studies. A total of 53 studies that measured GHG emissions from swine operations were included in the analyses. Results showed that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approaches were effective in estimating the overall CH4 and N2O emission levels from swine operations, but the variation of the measured emissions is not adequately captured. An overestimation by the IPCC approaches for CH4 emissions was observed for swine buildings with pit systems in European studies and the average percentage relative difference (PRD) between the measured and the IPCC values is -21.1%. The observed CH4 emissions from lagoons were lower than the IPCC estimated values and the average PRD is -33.9%. In North American studies the observed N2O emission factors for swine buildings with pit systems were significantly lower than the IPCC default values whereas in European studies they were significantly greater than the IPCC default values. The measured CH4 and N2O emissions were significantly affected by stage of production (P = 0.05 and <0.01, respectively) and geographic regions (P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). The IPCC approaches were effective in simulating the effect of temperature on CH4 emissions from outdoor slurry storage facilities whereas they could overestimate CH4 emissions from lagoons at low temperatures. The CH4 emissions from pits inside swine buildings were not significantly affected by average ambient temperatures. A positive relationship between diet CP content and CH4 emissions was confirmed in the meta-analysis. The obtained knowledge can be helpful in efforts to improve estimation of GHG emissions from swine operations.
本研究旨在对猪养殖温室气体（GHG）排放的文献进行系统综述，并通过荟萃分析综合各独立研究的结果。共有 53 项测量猪养殖 GHG 排放的研究被纳入分析。结果表明，政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）方法在估算猪养殖的整体 CH4 和 N2O 排放水平方面是有效的，但未能充分捕捉到实测排放的变化。欧洲研究中，带有坑洼系统的猪舍的 IPCC 方法对 CH4 排放的估算存在高估现象，实测值与 IPCC 值之间的平均相对差异（PRD）为-21.1%。而对池塘的观测 CH4 排放量低于 IPCC 估算值，平均 PRD 为-33.9%。在北美研究中，带有坑洼系统的猪舍的实测 N2O 排放因子明显低于 IPCC 默认值，而在欧洲研究中，实测值明显高于 IPCC 默认值。实测 CH4 和 N2O 排放受生产阶段（P = 0.05 和 <0.01）和地理区域（P = 0.04 和 0.02）的显著影响。IPCC 方法在模拟温度对露天粪浆储存设施 CH4 排放的影响方面是有效的，但在低温下可能会高估池塘的 CH4 排放。猪舍内坑洼中的 CH4 排放不受平均环境温度的显著影响。荟萃分析证实，日粮 CP 含量与 CH4 排放之间存在正相关关系。本研究获得的知识有助于提高对猪养殖 GHG 排放的估算。
