Effects of hyperthermia on the membrane potential and Na+ transport of V79 fibroblasts.

The effects of hyperthermia (41-43 degrees C) on the membrane potential (calculated from the transmembrane distribution of [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium) and Na+ transport of Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts were studied. At 41 degrees C, hyperthermia induced a membrane hyperpolarization of log phase cells (5 to 26 mV) that was reversible upon returning to 37 degrees C. The hyperpolarization was inhibited 50% by 1 mM ouabain or 0.25 mM amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+:H+ exchange. Shifting temperature to 41 degrees C increased ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake indicating activation of the electrogenic Na+ pump. At 43 degrees C for 60 min, the membrane potential of log phase cells depolarized (20-35 mV). Parallel studies demonstrated enhanced Na+ uptake at 41 degrees C only in the presence of ouabain. At 43 degrees C, Na+ uptake was increased relative to controls with or without ouabain present. At both 41 and 43 degrees C, 0.25 mM amiloride inhibited heat-stimulated Na+ uptake. Na+ efflux was enhanced at 41 degrees C in a process inhibited by ouabain. Thus, one consequence of heat treatment at 41 degrees C is activation of Na+:H+ exchange with the resultant increase in cytosolic [Na+] activating the electrogenic Na+ pump. At temperatures greater than or equal to 43 degrees C, the Na+ pump is inhibited.