Asekun-Olarinmoye Eo, Asekun-Olarinmoye Io, Adebimpe Wo, Olugbenga-Bello Ai
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Oke-Baale, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2013 Jun 14;5:131-6. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S45588. Print 2013.
BACKGROUND: Globally, the Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic remains a major public health problem. In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS has already reversed the post-independence developmental gains. PURPOSE: This study assessed community attitudes regarding the reproductive rights and sexual life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. DESIGN AND METHODS: In a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study, the sample size calculation was based on the assumption that 67% of the target population has a negative attitude regarding the reproductive rights of PLWHA; a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was used. A minimum sample size of 340 was obtained using the formula n = Z(2)pq/d(2). An anticipated 10% nonresponse rate was added to obtain a sample size of 374; a multistage sampling technique was utilized to select a total of 450 respondents. Data collected through a semistructured standardized and pretested questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 15. RESULTS: The study revealed that 283 (66.6%) and 142 (33.4%) of respondents were urban and rural dwellers, respectively. Mean age of respondents was 28.7 years ± 2.2 years. Four hundred and two (94.6%) respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS, and 88.7% had knowledge of at least six different modes of HIV/AIDS transmission. About 30.7% of respondents had discriminatory and stigmatizing attitudes towards PLWHA, and 50.9% and 44.8% had negative attitudes towards their sexual and reproductive rights, respectively. There were significant associations between gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, and residential area of respondents and their attitude towards the reproductive and sexual right of PLWHA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Discriminatory and stigmatizing attitudes to PLWHA found among respondents translated into a negative attitude regarding the reproductive and sexual rights of PLWHA. There is an urgent need to institute programs for raising community awareness about the rights of PLWHA, especially in rural areas, and to strengthen legislative provisions for protecting and preserving the reproductive rights of PLWHA.
背景：在全球范围内，人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）疫情仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。在撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数国家，HIV/AIDS已经使独立后取得的发展成果发生逆转。 目的：本研究评估了尼日利亚西南部奥孙州奥洛伦达地方政府辖区内社区对HIV/AIDS感染者（PLWHA）生殖权利和性生活的态度。 设计与方法：在一项基于社区的描述性横断面研究中，样本量计算基于假设目标人群中有67%对PLWHA的生殖权利持负面态度；使用95%的置信区间（CI）。使用公式n = Z(2)pq/d(2)得出最小样本量为340。加上预期10%的无应答率以获得374的样本量；采用多阶段抽样技术共选取450名受访者。通过半结构化标准化且经过预测试的问卷收集的数据使用社会科学统计软件包第15版进行分析。 结果：研究显示，分别有283名（66.6%）和142名（33.4%）受访者为城市和农村居民。受访者的平均年龄为28.7岁±2.2岁。402名（94.6%）受访者知晓HIV/AIDS，88.7%了解至少六种不同的HIV/AIDS传播方式。约30.7%的受访者对PLWHA持有歧视和污名化态度，分别有50.9%和44.8%的受访者对他们的性权利和生殖权利持负面态度。受访者的性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、职业和居住地区与其对PLWHA生殖和性权利的态度之间存在显著关联（P < 0.05）。 结论与建议：受访者中对PLWHA的歧视和污名化态度转化为对PLWHA生殖和性权利的负面态度。迫切需要开展提高社区对PLWHA权利认识的项目，尤其是在农村地区，并加强保护和维护PLWHA生殖权利的立法规定。
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