Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
BMC Vet Res. 2013 Jul 3;9:132. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-132.
Canine GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal disease in the Shiba Inu breed, which is one of the most popular traditional breeds in Japan and is maintained as a standard breed in many countries. Therefore, it is important to control and reduce the prevalence of GM1 gangliosidosis for maintaining the quality of this breed and to ensure supply of healthy dogs to prospective breeders and owners. This molecular epidemiological survey was performed to formulate an effective strategy for the control and prevention of this disease.
The survey was carried out among 590 clinically unaffected Shiba Inu dogs from the 8 districts of Japan, and a genotyping test was used to determine nation-wide and regional carrier frequencies. The number and native district of affected dogs identified in 16 years from 1997 to June 2013 were also surveyed retrospectively. Of the 590 dogs examined, 6 dogs (1.02%, 6/590) were carriers: 3 dogs (2.27%, 3/132) from the Kinki district and the other 3 dogs from the Hokkaido, Kanto, and Shikoku districts. The retrospective survey revealed 23 affected dogs, among which, 19 dogs (82.6%) were born within the last 7 years. Of the 23 affected dogs, 12 dogs (52.2%) were from the Kinki district. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that all the affected dogs and carriers with the pedigree information have a close blood relationship.
Our results showed that the current carrier frequency for GM1 gangliosidosis is on the average 1.02% in Japan and rather high in the Kinki district, which may be related to the high prevalence observed over the past 16 years in this region. This observation suggests that carrier dogs are distributed all over Japan; however, kennels in the Kinki district may face an increased risk of GM1 gangliosidosis. Therefore, for effective control and prevention of this disease, it is necessary to examine as many breeding dogs as possible from all regions of Japan, especially from kennels located in areas with high prevalence and carrier frequency.
犬 GM1 神经节苷脂贮积症是一种致命疾病，在柴犬品种中较为常见，而柴犬是日本最受欢迎的传统犬种之一，在许多国家都被作为标准犬种饲养。因此，控制和降低 GM1 神经节苷脂贮积症的流行率对于维持该品种的质量以及确保为潜在的饲养者和所有者提供健康的犬只至关重要。本分子流行病学调查旨在制定该疾病的有效控制和预防策略。
本研究在日本 8 个地区的 590 只临床无异常的柴犬中进行了调查，并使用基因分型试验来确定全国和地区携带者频率。还回顾性地调查了从 1997 年至 2013 年 6 月的 16 年间，已确诊的患病犬的数量和其原籍地区。在 590 只受检犬中，有 6 只（1.02%，6/590）为携带者：3 只（2.27%，3/132）来自近畿地区，其余 3 只来自北海道、关东和四国地区。回顾性调查显示有 23 只患病犬，其中 19 只（82.6%）为近 7 年内出生。在 23 只患病犬中，有 12 只（52.2%）来自近畿地区。系谱分析表明，所有携带病史和具有系谱信息的患病犬和携带者之间都有密切的血缘关系。
我们的结果表明，目前 GM1 神经节苷脂贮积症的携带者频率在日本平均为 1.02%，在近畿地区较高，这可能与该地区过去 16 年来的高流行率有关。这一观察结果表明，携带者犬分布在日本各地；然而，近畿地区的犬舍可能面临更高的 GM1 神经节苷脂贮积症风险。因此，为了有效控制和预防这种疾病，有必要尽可能地从日本所有地区检查更多的繁殖犬，特别是来自流行率和携带者频率较高地区的犬舍。
