Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France; Unité Inserm 930 équipe 5 (De la maturation à la dégénérescence : exploration par ultrason), faculté de médecine de Tours, université François-Rabelais, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2013 Dec;130(6):321-5. doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2012.01.008. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology and standard settings for ultrasound study of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) during swallowing.
This was a prospective study of 25 healthy volunteers (15 women and 10 men) aged 20 to 56 years. Neck ultrasonography was performed as each volunteer swallowed 10 mL of water three times. The parameters studied were: diameter of the closed UES; diameter of the open UES; anterior and lateral displacement (measured in cm) of the UES as the water bolus flowed through it; duration of UES opening; and average duration of UES displacement (measured in ms). Student's t tests for paired and unpaired samples were applied for the statistical analysis.
The mean diameter of the closed UES was 0.78 ± 0.13 cm, while the mean duration of opening was 415 ± 57.66 ms and the mean duration of displacement was 937 ± 120.98 ms. Maximum anterior and lateral displacement of the UES was 0.42 ± 0.12 cm and 0.35 ± 0.18 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference between men and women for lateral displacement of the UES (P=0.04).
This study established standards for ultrasound study of the UES during swallowing, using a non-invasive readily accessible method that may be useful for assessing swallowing disorders involving the UES (Zenker's diverticulum, fibrosis, stricture).
本研究旨在开发一种在吞咽过程中对食管上括约肌（UES）进行超声研究的方法和标准设置。
这是一项对 25 名年龄在 20 至 56 岁的健康志愿者（15 名女性和 10 名男性）的前瞻性研究。每位志愿者吞咽 10 毫升水三次，进行颈部超声检查。研究的参数包括：闭合 UES 的直径；开放 UES 的直径；UES 在水通过时的前后和侧向位移（以厘米为单位）；UES 开放的持续时间；UES 位移的平均持续时间（以毫秒为单位）。学生 t 检验用于配对和非配对样本的统计分析。
闭合 UES 的平均直径为 0.78 ± 0.13 cm，开放的平均持续时间为 415 ± 57.66 ms，位移的平均持续时间为 937 ± 120.98 ms。UES 的最大前后和侧向位移分别为 0.42 ± 0.12 cm 和 0.35 ± 0.18 cm。UES 的侧向位移在男性和女性之间存在显著差异（P=0.04）。
本研究使用一种非侵入性、易于获得的方法，为吞咽过程中 UES 的超声研究建立了标准，这可能有助于评估涉及 UES（Zenker 憩室、纤维化、狭窄）的吞咽障碍。
