Salta Maria, Wharton Julian A, Blache Yves, Stokes Keith R, Briand Jean-Francois
National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton, Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
Environ Microbiol. 2013 Nov;15(11):2879-93. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12186. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
The search for new antifouling (AF) coatings that are environmentally benign has led to renewed interest in the ways that micro-organisms colonize substrates in the marine environment. This review covers recently published research on the global species composition and dynamics of marine biofilms, consisting mainly of bacteria and diatoms found on man-made surfaces including AF coatings. Marine biofilms directly interact with larger organisms (macrofoulers) during colonization processes; hence, recent literature on understanding the basis of the biofilm/macrofouling interactions is essential and will also be reviewed here. Overall, differences have been identified in species composition between biofilm and planktonic forms for both diatoms and bacteria at various exposure sites. In most studies, the underlying biofilm was found to induce larval and spore settlement of macrofoulers; however, issues such as reproducibility, differences in exposure sites and biofilm composition (natural multispecies vs. monospecific species) may influence the outcomes.
对环境友好的新型防污（AF）涂层的探索，引发了人们对微生物在海洋环境中附着于基质方式的新兴趣。本综述涵盖了最近发表的关于海洋生物膜全球物种组成和动态的研究，这些生物膜主要由在包括AF涂层在内的人造表面上发现的细菌和硅藻组成。在定殖过程中，海洋生物膜直接与大型生物（大型污损生物）相互作用；因此，近期关于理解生物膜/大型污损生物相互作用基础的文献至关重要，本文也将对此进行综述。总体而言，在不同暴露位点，已确定硅藻和细菌的生物膜形式与浮游形式之间在物种组成上存在差异。在大多数研究中，发现底层生物膜会诱导大型污损生物的幼虫和孢子沉降；然而，诸如可重复性、暴露位点差异和生物膜组成（天然多物种与单物种）等问题可能会影响结果。
