Silva Francinaldo S
Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, s/n, Rodovia MA 230, Campus IV, Bairro Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil.
Rev Biol Trop. 2012 Jun;60(2):625-33. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v60i2.3949.
The orchid bees are a very important group of pollinators distributed in the Neotropics. Although a lot of studies concerning male euglossine bees have been done in this region, few works have so far been carried out in the Cerrado biome. This manuscript has the main objective to present the orchid bee community from a Gallery Forest in the Northeastern Brazilian Cerrado landscape, taking account the species composition, abundance, seasonality and hourly distribution. Male euglossine bees were collected monthly from October 2007 to May 2009, in the Reserva Florestal da Itamacaoca belonging to the Companhia de Agua e Esgoto do Maranhão, in Chapadinha municipality, Maranhão State. The scents eucalyptol, eugenol and vanillin were utilized, between 07:00 and 17:00hr, to attract the euglossine males. Cotton balls were dampened with the scents and suspended by a string on tree branches 1.5m above soil level, set 8m from one another. The specimens were captured with entomological nets, killed with ethyl acetate and transported to the laboratory to be identified. A total of 158 individuals and 14 species of bees were recorded. The genus Eulaema was the most representative group of euglossine bees in relation to the total number of the sampled individuals, accounting for 50.6% of bees followed by Euglossa (26.6%), Eufriesea (15.2%) and Exaerete (7.6%). The most frequent species were Eulaema nigrita (27.8%), Eulaema cingulara (19%) and Euglossa cordata (18.3%). Many species typical of forested environments were found in samples, like Euglossa avicula, Euglossa violaceifrons and Eulaema meriana, emphasizing the role played by the Gallery Forests as bridge sites to connect the two great biomes of Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. The occurrence of Exaerete guaykuru represents the second record of this species for the Neotropical region, and both records coming from the Gallery Forest zones. The male euglossine bees were sampled mainly in the dry season, where 62.5% of the individuals were collected in that period. Eufriesea species appeared at the baits only in the wet season. The hourly frequency of bees at scent baits showed a clear preference for the morning period, where 87.9% visited the baits from 07:00 to 12:00hr. The euglossine bee fauna found in the Northeastern Maranhão Cerrado is represented chiefly by species of large geographic distribution and by some forest bee species, where their occurrence is maybe related to to the environmental conditions supported by the Gallery Forest ecosystem.
兰花蜂是分布在新热带地区的一类非常重要的传粉者。尽管在该地区已经对雄性 Euglossine 蜜蜂进行了大量研究，但到目前为止，在塞拉多生物群落中开展的工作很少。本手稿的主要目的是介绍巴西东北部塞拉多景观中一片廊道森林的兰花蜂群落，考虑物种组成、丰度、季节性和小时分布情况。2007 年 10 月至 2009 年 5 月，每月在马拉尼昂州查帕迪尼亚市属于马拉尼昂水与污水处理公司的伊塔马卡奥卡森林保护区采集雄性 Euglossine 蜜蜂。在 07:00 至 17:00 之间，使用桉叶油、丁香酚和香草醛等气味来吸引 Euglossine 雄性蜜蜂。棉球用这些气味浸湿，并用绳子悬挂在离地面 1.5 米的树枝上，彼此间隔 8 米。用昆虫网捕获标本，用乙酸乙酯杀死，然后运到实验室进行鉴定。共记录了 158 只个体和 14 种蜜蜂。就采样个体总数而言，Eulaema 属是 Euglossine蜜蜂中最具代表性的群体，占蜜蜂总数的 50.6%，其次是 Euglossa（26.6%）、Eufriesea（15.2%）和 Exaerete（7.6%）。最常见的物种是黑腹 Eulaema（27.8%）、带纹 Eulaema（19%）和心形 Euglossa（18.3%）。在样本中发现了许多典型的森林环境物种，如 Euglossa avicula、Euglossa violaceifrons 和 Eulaema meriana，强调了廊道森林作为连接亚马逊和大西洋森林这两个大生物群落的桥梁站点所起的作用。Exaerete guaykuru 的出现是该物种在新热带地区的第二次记录，且两次记录均来自廊道森林区域。雄性 Euglossine 蜜蜂主要在旱季采样，该时期采集到 62.5%的个体。Eufriesea 物种仅在雨季出现在诱饵处。蜜蜂在气味诱饵处的小时频率显示出对上午时段有明显偏好，87.9%的蜜蜂在 07:00 至 12:00 之间访问诱饵。在马拉尼昂东北部塞拉多发现的 Euglossine 蜜蜂动物群主要由地理分布广泛的物种和一些森林蜜蜂物种组成，它们在那里的出现可能与廊道森林生态系统支持的环境条件有关。
