Fernández-Jaén Alberto, Martín Fernández-Mayoralas Daniel, Fernández-Perrone Ana Laura, Calleja-Pérez Beatriz, Muñoz-Jareño Nuria, López-Arribas Sonia
Hospital Quiron, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Espana.
Rev Neurol. 2013 Sep 6;57 Suppl 1:S205-10.
The cardinal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness--are not specific and may be found in the general population and in other disorders. These symptoms are present in over 50% of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It thus seems quite clear that both problems can coexist in these patients. The usual pharmacological treatments for ADHD, methylphenidate and atomoxetine, appear to be useful in reducing the above-mentioned symptoms in patients with ADHD and ASD. Effectiveness seems to be lower in patients with ASD and tolerance is slightly poorer. This may be conditioned by a number of variables, including: the complexity of ASD, association with mental retardation, polypharmacotherapy, and so on. Given the long-term tolerance profile of methylphenidate and atomoxetine, these treatments appear to be a good alternative with which to improve the problems of attention and self-control these patients have. Nevertheless, further controlled studies are needed to confirm this proposition.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的主要症状——注意力不集中、多动和冲动——并不具有特异性，在普通人群和其他疾病中也可能出现。这些症状在超过50%的自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者中存在。因此，很明显这两种问题可能在这些患者中共存。ADHD常用的药物治疗，哌甲酯和托莫西汀，似乎对减轻ADHD和ASD患者的上述症状有用。在ASD患者中有效性似乎较低，耐受性也稍差。这可能受多种因素影响，包括：ASD的复杂性、与智力障碍的关联、多药联合治疗等等。鉴于哌甲酯和托莫西汀的长期耐受性情况，这些治疗似乎是改善这些患者注意力和自我控制问题的一个很好的选择。然而，需要进一步的对照研究来证实这一观点。
