Burchard G D, Hentschke M, Weinke T, Nothdurft H D
Sektion Tropenmedizin, 1. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2013 Aug;138(33):1673-83; quiz 1684-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343306. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
Travelers diarrhea affects millions of tourists each year. Most cases are caused by a variety of bacterial enteropathogens: toxigenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and non-cholera vibrios. Treatment may include antibacterial therapy with either ciprofloxacin, or azitrhomycin, or rifaximin. Viral pathogens such as norovirus usually cause short-term illness that typically resolves before travelers seek medical attention. Chronic gastrointestinal disease in returning travelers often is caused by parasitic pathogens like Giardia lamblia. The impact of prevention of travelers diarrhea is limited, therefore travelers should be informed about early self-treatment.
旅行者腹泻每年影响数百万游客。大多数病例由多种细菌性肠道病原体引起：产毒素大肠杆菌、弯曲杆菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、气单胞菌、邻单胞菌和非霍乱弧菌。治疗可包括使用环丙沙星、阿奇霉素或利福昔明进行抗菌治疗。诺如病毒等病毒病原体通常引起短期疾病，通常在旅行者寻求医疗护理之前就会痊愈。回国旅行者的慢性胃肠疾病通常由蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫等寄生虫病原体引起。预防旅行者腹泻的效果有限，因此应告知旅行者早期自我治疗的方法。
