Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 9, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Hear Res. 2014 Jan;307:29-41. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Aug 11.
We meta-analyzed 115 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies reporting auditory-cortex (AC) coordinates for activations related to active and passive processing of pitch and spatial location of non-speech sounds, as well as to the active and passive speech and voice processing. We aimed at revealing any systematic differences between AC surface locations of these activations by statistically analyzing the activation loci using the open-source Matlab toolbox VAMCA (Visualization and Meta-analysis on Cortical Anatomy). AC activations associated with pitch processing (e.g., active or passive listening to tones with a varying vs. fixed pitch) had median loci in the middle superior temporal gyrus (STG), lateral to Heschl's gyrus. However, median loci of activations due to the processing of infrequent pitch changes in a tone stream were centered in the STG or planum temporale (PT), significantly posterior to the median loci for other types of pitch processing. Median loci of attention-related modulations due to focused attention to pitch (e.g., attending selectively to low or high tones delivered in concurrent sequences) were, in turn, centered in the STG or superior temporal sulcus (STS), posterior to median loci for passive pitch processing. Activations due to spatial processing were centered in the posterior STG or PT, significantly posterior to pitch processing loci (processing of infrequent pitch changes excluded). In the right-hemisphere AC, the median locus of spatial attention-related modulations was in the STS, significantly inferior to the median locus for passive spatial processing. Activations associated with speech processing and those associated with voice processing had indistinguishable median loci at the border of mid-STG and mid-STS. Median loci of attention-related modulations due to attention to speech were in the same mid-STG/STS region. Thus, while attention to the pitch or location of non-speech sounds seems to recruit AC areas less involved in passive pitch or location processing, focused attention to speech predominantly enhances activations in regions that already respond to human vocalizations during passive listening. This suggests that distinct attention mechanisms might be engaged by attention to speech and attention to more elemental auditory features such as tone pitch or location. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Human Auditory Neuroimaging.
我们对 115 项功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究报告了与非言语声音的主动和被动音高和空间位置以及主动和被动言语和语音处理相关的听觉皮层 (AC) 坐标。我们旨在通过使用开源 Matlab 工具箱 VAMCA（皮质解剖学的可视化和元分析）对激活的位置进行统计分析，揭示这些激活的 AC 表面位置之间是否存在系统差异。与音高处理相关的 AC 激活（例如，主动或被动聆听具有变化或固定音高的音调）的中位部位位于颞上中回（STG）的中间，靠近海希氏回的外侧。然而，在音流中处理不频繁音高变化的激活的中位部位位于 STG 或颞平面（PT）的中心，明显位于其他类型音高处理的中位部位的后部。由于对音高的集中注意而引起的与注意相关的调制的中位部位（例如，选择性地注意同时发出的低频或高频音），依次位于 STG 或颞上沟（STS）的中心，位于被动音高处理的中位部位的后部。由于空间处理而产生的激活位于后颞上回或 PT 的中心，明显位于音高处理部位的后部（不包括不频繁音高变化的处理）。在右半球 AC 中，与空间注意相关的调制的中位部位位于 STS，明显低于被动空间处理的中位部位。与语音处理相关的激活与与语音处理相关的激活具有不可区分的中位部位，位于中颞上回和中颞上沟的边界处。由于对语音的关注而引起的与注意相关的调制的中位部位位于同一中颞上回/中颞上沟区域。因此，虽然对非言语声音的音高或位置的关注似乎会募集较少参与被动音高或位置处理的 AC 区域，但对语音的集中注意力主要增强了在被动聆听期间已经对人类发声做出反应的区域的激活。这表明，对语音的注意和对音调或位置等更基本的听觉特征的注意可能会引发不同的注意机制。本文是特刊“人类听觉神经影像学”的一部分。
