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水飞蓟宾抑制β-连环蛋白/ZEB1信号通路,并通过双重阻断上皮-间质转化和干性来抑制膀胱癌转移。

Silibinin inhibits β-catenin/ZEB1 signaling and suppresses bladder cancer metastasis via dual-blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness.

作者信息

Wu Kaijie, Ning Zhongyun, Zeng Jin, Fan Jinhai, Zhou Jiancheng, Zhang Tingting, Zhang Linlin, Chen Yule, Gao Yang, Wang Bin, Guo Peng, Li Lei, Wang Xinyang, He Dalin

机构信息

Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.

出版信息

Cell Signal. 2013 Dec;25(12):2625-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.028. Epub 2013 Sep 4.

Abstract

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is associated with a high frequency of metastasis, and fewer therapies substantially prolong survival. Silibinin, a nontoxic natural flavonoid, has been shown to exhibit pleiotropic anticancer effects in many cancer types, including bladder cancer. Our and other previous studies have demonstrated that silibinin induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of bladder cancer cells, whether silibinin could suppress bladder cancer metastasis has not been elucidated. In the present study, we utilized a novel highly metastatic T24-L cell model, and found that silibinin treatment not only resulted in the suppression of cell migration and invasion in vitro, but also decreased bladder cancer lung metastasis and prolonged animal survival in vivo. Mechanistically, silibinin could inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation, β-catenin nuclear translocation and transactivation, and ZEB1 gene transcription that subsequently regulated the expression of cytokeratins, vimentin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). On the other hand, silibinin inhibited ZEB1 expression and then suppressed the properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which were evidenced as decreased spheroid colony formation, side population, and the expression of stem cell factor CD44. Overall, this study reveals a novel mechanism for silibinin targeting bladder cancer metastasis, in which inactivation of β-catenin/ZEB1 signaling by silibinin leads to dual-block of EMT and stemness.

摘要

肌层浸润性膀胱癌伴有高转移频率,且很少有疗法能显著延长生存期。水飞蓟宾是一种无毒的天然黄酮类化合物,已被证明在包括膀胱癌在内的多种癌症类型中具有多效抗癌作用。我们和其他先前的研究表明,水飞蓟宾可诱导膀胱癌细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖,但水飞蓟宾是否能抑制膀胱癌转移尚未阐明。在本研究中,我们利用一种新型的高转移性T24-L细胞模型,发现水飞蓟宾处理不仅导致体外细胞迁移和侵袭受到抑制,而且还减少了膀胱癌肺转移并延长了体内动物生存期。机制上,水飞蓟宾可抑制糖原合酶激酶-3β(GSK3β)磷酸化、β-连环蛋白核转位和反式激活以及ZEB1基因转录,随后调节细胞角蛋白、波形蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP2)的表达以逆转上皮-间质转化(EMT)。另一方面,水飞蓟宾抑制ZEB1表达,进而抑制癌症干细胞(CSC)特性,这表现为球状体集落形成、侧群细胞以及干细胞因子CD44表达减少。总体而言,本研究揭示了水飞蓟宾靶向膀胱癌转移的新机制,其中水飞蓟宾使β-连环蛋白/ZEB1信号失活导致EMT和干性的双重阻断。

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