Laboratory of Medical Psychology and Addictology, CHU-Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Dec 1;133(2):772-5. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.013. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
Altruistic punishment is an evolutionary-based mechanism aimed at maximizing the probability of reciprocity in cooperative exchanges, through the deterrence of non-cooperators. In economic games, humans will often punish others for non-cooperation, even if this punishment is costly to the self. For instance, in the Ultimatum Game paradigm, people refuse offers considered as unfair even though they are disadvantaged financially by doing so. Here, we hypothesize that, due to an impulsive decision making style, individuals with alcoholism will display an heightened unfairness sensitivity that leads them to reject advantageous offers more frequently on the Ultimatum Game.
Thirty recently detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals and 30 matched healthy control participants performed the Ultimatum Game task, in which participants had to respond to take-it-or-leave-it offers ranging from fair to unfair and made by a fictive proposer.
Alcohol-dependent participants decided to reject unfair offers more frequently during the Ultimatum Game, as compared to controls.
In situations of social frustration or irritation, such as unfair Ultimatum Game offers, alcohol-dependent individuals may have more difficulty than controls regulating their emotional impulses, and respond aggressively or retributively (i.e., by rejecting the unfair offer).
利他惩罚是一种基于进化的机制，旨在通过威慑不合作者，最大限度地提高合作交换中互惠的可能性。在经济博弈中，人类经常会因为他人的不合作而惩罚他人，即使这种惩罚对自己不利。例如，在最后通牒博弈范式中，人们会拒绝被认为不公平的提议，即使这样做会使他们在经济上处于劣势。在这里，我们假设，由于冲动的决策风格，酗酒者会表现出更高的不公平敏感性，这导致他们更频繁地拒绝优势提议在最后通牒博弈中。
30 名最近戒毒的酒精依赖个体和 30 名匹配的健康对照组参与者完成了最后通牒游戏任务，在该任务中，参与者必须对从公平到不公平的由虚构提议者提出的接受或放弃的提议做出反应。
与对照组相比，酒精依赖组参与者在最后通牒游戏中更频繁地决定拒绝不公平的提议。
在社交挫折或愤怒等情况下，例如不公平的最后通牒游戏提议，酒精依赖个体可能比对照组更难控制自己的情绪冲动，并以攻击性或报复性的方式做出反应（即拒绝不公平的提议）。
