Common Cold Centre and Healthcare Clinical Trials, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3 AX, United Kingdom.
Appetite. 2013 Dec;71:357-60. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.011. Epub 2013 Sep 21.
This review discusses how the ingestion of cold foods and drinks may be perceived as pleasant because of the effects of cooling of the mouth. The case is made that man has originated from a tropical environment and that cold stimuli applied to the external skin may initiate thermal discomfort and reflexes such as shivering and vasoconstriction that defend body temperature, whereas cold stimuli applied to the mouth are perceived as pleasant because of pleasure associated with satiation of thirst and a refreshing effect. Cold water is preferred to warm water as a thirst quencher and cold products such as ice cream may also be perceived as pleasant because oral cooling satiates thirst. The case is made that cold stimuli may be perceived differently in the skin and oral mucosa, leading to different effects on temperature regulation, and perception of pleasure or displeasure, depending on the body temperature and the temperature of the external environment.
这篇综述讨论了人们为什么会觉得食用冷食和冷饮是一种享受,原因是口腔冷却带来的影响。文中提出,人类起源于热带环境,当冷的刺激施加于外部皮肤时,可能会引发热不适和反射,如颤抖和血管收缩,以保护体温;而施加于口腔的冷刺激则被感知为愉悦,因为这与口渴的满足感和清爽感有关。冷水比温水更能解渴,而冰淇淋等冷食也可能被认为是愉悦的,因为口腔冷却可以解渴。文中还提出,冷刺激在皮肤和口腔黏膜中的感知可能不同,这取决于体温和外部环境的温度,从而对体温调节和愉悦或不愉悦的感知产生不同的影响。