Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Adv Immunol. 2013;120:163-84. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-417028-5.00006-5.
Innate immunity has an adaptive component, which has been referred to as "memory," "trained," "imprinted" or "adaptive." Plasticity is a hallmark of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Microbial recognition and cytokines profoundly affect macrophage function causing a range of adaptive responses including activation, priming, or tolerance. These adaptive responses of macrophages include production of humoral fluid-phase pattern recognition molecules such as the prototypic long pentraxin PTX3. These components of humoral innate immunity in turn cooperate with and regulate phagocyte function. Progress has been made in defining the molecular basis underlying the polarized activation of macrophages, including signaling mediators, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and the microRNA network. The definition of molecules and mechanisms associated with plasticity and polarized activation of macrophages may provide a basis for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
先天免疫具有适应性成分，这被称为“记忆”、“训练”、“印记”或“适应”。单核细胞-巨噬细胞谱系的细胞具有可塑性，这是其特征之一。微生物识别和细胞因子深刻地影响巨噬细胞功能，导致一系列适应性反应，包括激活、启动或耐受。巨噬细胞的这些适应性反应包括产生体液相模式识别分子，如典型的长五聚蛋白 PTX3。这些体液先天免疫成分反过来与吞噬细胞功能相互作用并进行调节。在定义巨噬细胞极化激活的分子基础方面已经取得了进展，包括信号转导介质、转录因子、表观遗传修饰和 microRNA 网络。与巨噬细胞的可塑性和极化激活相关的分子和机制的定义可能为创新的诊断和治疗方法提供基础。
