Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the VA Medical Center 127, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Brain Cogn. 2013 Dec;83(3):252-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Oct 2.
Most clinical research assumes that modulation of facial expressions is lateralized predominantly across the right-left hemiface. However, social psychological research suggests that facial expressions are organized predominantly across the upper-lower face. Because humans learn to cognitively control facial expression for social purposes, the lower face may display a false emotion, typically a smile, to enable approach behavior. In contrast, the upper face may leak a person's true feeling state by producing a brief facial blend of emotion, i.e. a different emotion on the upper versus lower face. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that upper facial emotions are processed preferentially by the right hemisphere under conditions of directed attention if facial blends of emotion are presented tachistoscopically to the mid left and right visual fields. This paper explores how facial blends are processed within the four visual quadrants. The results, combined with our previous research, demonstrate that lower more so than upper facial emotions are perceived best when presented to the viewer's left and right visual fields just above the horizontal axis. Upper facial emotions are perceived best when presented to the viewer's left visual field just above the horizontal axis under conditions of directed attention. Thus, by gazing at a person's left ear, which also avoids the social stigma of eye-to-eye contact, one's ability to decode facial expressions should be enhanced.
大多数临床研究假设,面部表情的调节主要是在左右半脸之间进行的。然而,社会心理学研究表明,面部表情主要是在上半脸和下半脸之间组织的。由于人类学会了为了社交目的而认知地控制面部表情,下半张脸可能会显示出一种虚假的情绪,通常是微笑,以促进接近行为。相比之下,上半张脸可能会通过产生短暂的面部情绪混合,即上下半张脸的情绪不同,泄露一个人的真实感受状态。我们实验室之前的研究表明,如果情绪混合以速示器的方式呈现给中左和中右视野,在定向注意的条件下,右半球优先处理上半张脸的情绪。本文探讨了在四个视觉象限中,面部混合是如何被处理的。结合我们之前的研究结果表明,当下半张脸的情绪呈现在观察者的左右视野上方,正好在水平轴之上时,人们对其的感知最佳。在上半张脸的情绪呈现在观察者的左视野上方,正好在水平轴之上,并且在定向注意的条件下,人们对其的感知最佳。因此,通过注视一个人的左耳,也可以避免眼神接触的社会耻辱,人们解读面部表情的能力应该会增强。
Brain Cogn. 2013-10-2
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