Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
Horm Cancer. 2014 Feb;5(1):1-10. doi: 10.1007/s12672-013-0164-8. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
Growth of multicellular organisms depends on maintenance of proper balance between proliferation and differentiation. Any disturbance in this balance in animal cells can lead to cancer. Experimental evidence is provided to conclude with special reference to the action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on Sertoli cells, and luteinizing hormone (LH) on Leydig cells that these hormones exert a differential action on their target cells, i.e., stimulate proliferation when the cells are in an undifferentiated state which is the situation with cancer cells and promote only functional parameters when the cell are fully differentiated. Hormones and growth factors play a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. There is a growing body of evidence that various tumors express some hormones at high levels as well as their cognate receptors indicating the possibility of a role in progression of cancer. Hormones such as LH, FSH, and thyroid-stimulating hormone have been reported to stimulate cell proliferation and act as tumor promoter in a variety of hormone-dependent cancers including gonads, lung, thyroid, uterus, breast, prostate, etc. This review summarizes evidence to conclude that these hormones are produced by some cancer tissues to promote their own growth. Also an attempt is made to explain the significance of the differential action of hormones in progression of cancer with special reference to prostate cancer.
多细胞生物的生长取决于增殖和分化之间的适当平衡的维持。动物细胞中这种平衡的任何干扰都可能导致癌症。提供实验证据以得出结论，特别是参考卵泡刺激素 (FSH) 对支持细胞和黄体生成素 (LH) 对间质细胞的作用，这些激素对其靶细胞发挥不同的作用，即在细胞处于未分化状态时刺激增殖，这种情况与癌细胞类似，而当细胞完全分化时，仅促进功能参数。激素和生长因子在细胞增殖、分化和凋亡中发挥关键作用。越来越多的证据表明，各种肿瘤高水平表达某些激素及其同源受体，表明其在癌症进展中可能发挥作用。已经报道了一些激素，如 LH、FSH 和促甲状腺激素，可刺激细胞增殖并在包括性腺、肺、甲状腺、子宫、乳房、前列腺等在内的多种激素依赖性癌症中充当肿瘤促进剂。这篇综述总结了证据，得出结论认为这些激素是由一些癌症组织产生的，以促进自身生长。还试图解释激素在癌症进展中的差异作用的意义，特别是参考前列腺癌。
