低生育率环境下的避孕和堕胎：季节性移民的作用。

ARC DECRA Fellow, Australian Population and Migration Centre, University of Adelaide, Australia,

Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2013 Sep;39(3):124-32. doi: 10.1363/3912413.

CONTEXT

Seasonal labor migration is common among men in many former Soviet republics. Little research has examined contraceptive use and induced abortion among women in such low-fertility, high-migration settings, according to husband's migration status.

METHODS

Combined data from 2,280 respondents of two surveys of married women aged 18-45 in rural Armenia-one conducted in 2005 and one in 2007-were used. Logistic regression analyses examined whether a husband's migration status was associated with his wife's current use of the pill or the IUD, or with the probability that she had had a pregnancy that ended in induced abortion. Additional analyses were conducted to determine whether relationships were moderated by household wealth.

RESULTS

Women with a migrant husband were less likely than those with a nonmigrant husband to be currently using the pill or the IUD (odds ratio, 0.6); with increased household wealth, the likelihood of method use increased among women with a nonmigrant husband, but decreased slightly among women with a migrant husband. Overall, the probability that a pregnancy ended in abortion did not differ by migration status; however, the likelihood of abortion increased with wealth among women married to a nonmigrant, but not among those married to a migrant.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite their husband's absence, women married to a migrant may have an unwanted pregnancy rate similar to that of women married to a nonmigrant. Improved access to modern contraceptive methods is likely to be positively associated with contraceptive use among women with a nonmigrant husband, but not among those with a migrant husband.

背景

在许多前苏联共和国，季节性劳动力迁移对男性来说很常见。根据丈夫的迁移状况，很少有研究调查过在这种低生育率、高迁移率背景下，女性的避孕措施使用情况和人工流产情况。

方法

本研究使用了亚美尼亚农村地区两次已婚 18-45 岁女性调查（一次是在 2005 年进行的，另一次是在 2007 年进行的）的 2280 名受访者的综合数据。逻辑回归分析考察了丈夫的迁移状况是否与妻子目前使用避孕药或宫内节育器有关，或者与她曾经历过人工流产的怀孕情况有关。此外，还进行了额外的分析，以确定关系是否受到家庭财富的调节。

结果

与没有移民丈夫的女性相比，有移民丈夫的女性目前使用避孕药或宫内节育器的可能性较小（优势比，0.6）；随着家庭财富的增加，没有移民丈夫的女性使用避孕方法的可能性增加，但有移民丈夫的女性略有下降。总体而言，人工流产的概率因迁移状况而异；然而，在没有移民丈夫的女性中，随着财富的增加，堕胎的可能性增加，但在有移民丈夫的女性中则没有增加。