Department of Material Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2013 Nov 27;5(22):11894-9. doi: 10.1021/am403587q. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanowires have gained considerable research interest due to their lead-free composition and strong energy conversion efficiency. However, most research has focused on free-standing BaTiO3 nanowires, which are hard to apply for sensing and energy harvesting. Here, a novel method for the growth of vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanowire arrays on a conductive substrate is developed, and their electromechanical coupling behavior is directly evaluated to yield the strain coupling coefficient. The preparation of vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanowire arrays is based on a two-step hydrothermal reaction by first growing oriented rutile TiO2 nanowire arrays and then converting them to BaTiO3 while simultaneously retaining their morphology. A refined piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) testing method is applied to demonstrate the piezoelectric behavior of BaTiO3 nanowires in the longitude direction. The piezoelectric response (d33 = 43 ± 2 pm/V) of the BaTiO3 nanowires is measured to demonstrate their potential application in sensors, energy harvesting, and micro-electromechanical systems.
钛酸钡（BaTiO3）纳米线由于其无铅组成和强大的能量转换效率而引起了相当大的研究兴趣。然而，大多数研究都集中在独立的 BaTiO3 纳米线上，这对于传感和能量收集来说很难应用。在这里，开发了一种在导电衬底上生长垂直排列的 BaTiO3 纳米线阵列的新方法，并直接评估其机电耦合行为以获得应变耦合系数。垂直排列的 BaTiO3 纳米线阵列的制备是基于两步水热反应，首先生长取向的金红石 TiO2 纳米线阵列，然后在同时保留其形态的情况下将其转化为 BaTiO3。采用改进的压电力显微镜（PFM）测试方法来证明 BaTiO3 纳米线在长轴方向上的压电行为。测量 BaTiO3 纳米线的压电响应（d33 = 43 ± 2 pm/V），以证明其在传感器、能量收集和微机电系统中的潜在应用。
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