Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia (RGM, SAC, EGQ, JMC, and MM); the School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia (LCT); the Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (PP); and the Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders and School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (JCB-M).
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mar;99(3):517-23. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.074138. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
Eating carbohydrate foods with a high glycemic index (GI) has been postulated to result in fetoplacental overgrowth and higher infant body fat. A diet with a low glycemic index (LGI) has been shown to reduce birth percentiles and the ponderal index (PI).
We investigated whether offering LGI dietary advice at the first antenatal visit would result in a lower fetal birth weight, birth percentile, and PI than providing healthy eating (HE) advice. This advice had to be presented within the resources of routine antenatal care.
The Pregnancy and Glycemic Index Outcomes study was a 2-arm, parallel-design, randomized, controlled trial that compared the effects of LGI dietary advice with HE advice on pregnancy outcomes. Eligible volunteers who attended for routine antenatal care at <20 wk of gestation were randomly assigned to either group.
A total of 691 women were enrolled, and 576 women had final data considered. In the LGI group, the GI was reduced from a mean (± SEM) of 56 ± 0.3 at enrollment to 52 ± 0.3 (P < 0.001) at the final assessment. There were no significant differences in primary outcomes of fetal birth weight, birth percentile, or PI. In a multivariate regression analysis, the glycemic load was the only significant dietary predictor (P = 0.046) of primary outcomes but explained <1% of all variation.
A low-intensity dietary intervention with an LGI diet compared with an HE diet in pregnancy did not result in any significant differences in birth weight, fetal percentile, or PI.
摄入高血糖指数（GI）的碳水化合物食物被认为会导致胎儿胎盘过度生长和婴儿体脂肪增加。低血糖指数（LGI）饮食已被证明可以降低出生百分位数和体重指数（PI）。
我们研究了在第一次产前检查时提供 LGI 饮食建议是否会导致胎儿出生体重、出生百分位数和 PI 低于提供健康饮食（HE）建议。这种建议必须在常规产前保健资源范围内提供。
妊娠和血糖指数结局研究是一项 2 臂、平行设计、随机对照试验，比较了 LGI 饮食建议与 HE 建议对妊娠结局的影响。符合条件的志愿者在妊娠 20 周前接受常规产前护理时被随机分配到两组。
共有 691 名妇女参加，576 名妇女有最终数据考虑。在 LGI 组中，GI 从平均（± SEM）56 ± 0.3 在入组时降至 52 ± 0.3（P < 0.001）在最后一次评估时。胎儿出生体重、出生百分位数或 PI 的主要结局没有显著差异。在多元回归分析中，血糖负荷是唯一显著的饮食预测因素（P = 0.046），但仅解释了所有变异的<1%。
与 HE 饮食相比，妊娠期间低强度 LGI 饮食干预并未导致出生体重、胎儿百分位数或 PI 有任何显著差异。
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