Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
J Exp Biol. 2014 Jan 1;217(Pt 1):46-56. doi: 10.1242/jeb.090365.
Hypoxia (low O2) is a common and natural feature of many marine environments. However, human-induced hypoxia has been on the rise over the past half century and is now recognised as a major problem in the world's seas and oceans. Whilst we have information on how marine invertebrates respond physiologically to hypoxia in the laboratory, we still lack understanding of how they respond to such stress in the wild (now and in the future). Consequently, here the question 'what can an ecophysiological approach tell us about physiological responses of marine invertebrates to hypoxia' is addressed. How marine invertebrates work in the wild when challenged with hypoxia is explored using four case studies centred on different hypoxic environments. The recent integration of the various -omics into ecophysiology is discussed, and a number of advantages of, and challenges to, successful integration are suggested. The case studies and -omic/physiology integration data are used to inform the concluding part of the review, where it is suggested that physiological responses to hypoxia in the wild are not always the same as those predicted from laboratory experiments. This is due to behaviour in the wild modifying responses, and therefore more than one type of 'experimental' approach is essential to reliably determine the actual response. It is also suggested that assuming it is known what a measured response is 'for' can be misleading and that taking parodies of ecophysiology seriously may impede research progress. This review finishes with the suggestion that an -omics approach is, and is becoming, a powerful method of understanding the response of marine invertebrates to environmental hypoxia and may be an ideal way of studying hypoxic responses in the wild. Despite centring on physiological responses to hypoxia, the review hopefully serves as a contribution to the discussion of what (animal) ecophysiology looks like (or should look like) in the 21st century.
缺氧（低氧）是许多海洋环境中的常见自然特征。然而，在过去的半个世纪中，人为缺氧的情况一直在增加，现在已被认为是世界海洋中的一个主要问题。虽然我们有关于海洋无脊椎动物在实验室中对缺氧的生理反应的信息，但我们仍然缺乏对它们在野外（现在和未来）对这种压力的反应的了解。因此，这里提出了“生态生理学方法可以告诉我们什么关于海洋无脊椎动物对缺氧的生理反应”的问题。本文通过四个以不同缺氧环境为中心的案例研究，探讨了海洋无脊椎动物在受到缺氧挑战时在野外是如何工作的。讨论了最近将各种“组学”整合到生态生理学中的情况，并提出了成功整合的一些优势和挑战。案例研究和组学/生理学整合数据用于为综述的结论部分提供信息，结论部分提出，野外缺氧的生理反应并不总是与实验室实验预测的反应相同。这是由于野外行为改变了反应，因此，仅采用一种“实验”方法对于可靠确定实际反应是不够的。还认为，假设知道测量的反应“用于”什么可能会产生误导，并且认真对待生态生理学的模仿可能会阻碍研究进展。本综述最后提出，组学方法是一种理解海洋无脊椎动物对环境缺氧反应的有力方法，并且可能是研究野外缺氧反应的理想方法。尽管该综述主要集中在对缺氧的生理反应上，但它希望为讨论 21 世纪的（动物）生态生理学是什么样子（或应该是什么样子）做出贡献。
