Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan;
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan; ; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan;
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2013 Sep;11(5):513-20. doi: 10.2174/1570159X113119990044.
The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9th cranial nerves. Released glutamate from presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers can activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors on preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons. By modulating this glutamate release, several neurochemicals including serotonin, arginine, nitric oxide, nicotine, choline and ATP in the DFA regulate CCA blood flow. Understanding the neurochemical regulatory mechanisms can provide important insights of the physiological roles of the DFA, and may help develop therapeutic strategies for diseases involving CCA blood flow, such as migraine, hypertensive disease, Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemic stroke.
颈总动脉（CCA）供应颅内和颅外血管床。1987 年，Kuo 等人将控制 CCA 血流的延髓区域定义为背侧面神经区（DFA）。在 DFA 中，突触前的氮能和/或谷氨酸能纤维支配节前的氮能和/或胆碱能神经元，这些神经元产生副交感神经第 7 对和第 9 对颅神经的节前纤维。来自突触前氮能和/或谷氨酸能纤维的释放的谷氨酸可以激活节前的氮能和/或胆碱能神经元上的 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）和α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基异恶唑-4-丙酸（AMPA）受体。通过调节这种谷氨酸释放，DFA 中的几种神经化学物质，包括 5-羟色胺、精氨酸、一氧化氮、尼古丁、胆碱和 ATP，调节 CCA 血流。了解神经化学调节机制可以为 DFA 的生理作用提供重要的见解，并可能有助于为涉及 CCA 血流的疾病，如偏头痛、高血压疾病、阿尔茨海默病和脑缺血性中风，开发治疗策略。
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