赤霉素根部处理对 C3 和 C4 植物光合作用和生长的影响。

Effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in C3 and C 4 plants.

机构信息

Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA.

出版信息

Photosynth Res. 1985 Jan;6(2):147-57. doi: 10.1007/BF00032789.

Abstract

The effects of root applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth and photosynthesis of 12 species of plants including C3 monocots (Triticum aestivum L., wheat, Hordeum vulgare L., barley and Avena sativa L., oat), C3 dicots (Vigna radiata L., mung bean, Cucurbita moschata L., squash and Capsicum annuum L., pepper), C4 monocots (Zea mays L., corn, Sorghum vulgare L., sorghum and Panicum ramosum L., millet) and C4 dicots (Amaranthus retroflexus L., pigweed, Kochia scoparis L., kochia and Gomphrena celosoides L., gomphrena) were evaluated. Relative growth rates (RGR) of barley, oat, squash, pepper, corn, sorghum, millet, pigweed and kochia were increased above the control by 12.7%, 9.9%, 11.3%, 10.7%, 19.2% 10.1%, 11.5%, 16.4% and 32.7% respectively, four days following optimum GA3 treatments. There was no effect of GA3 on RGR in wheat, mung bean, and gomphrena. Gibberellic acid decreased the chlorophyll content expressed on an area basis by 20.0%, 13.9%, 20.9%, 17.1%, 11.9% and 28.0% in barley, squash, pepper, sorghum, pigweed and kochia, respectively, while that of oat, wheat, mung bean, corn, millet and gomphrena remained unchanged. When photosynthetic rates were expressed per mg of chlorophyll, it showed that GA3 could stimulate photosynthesis in barley, squash, pepper, sorghum, millet, pigweed and kochia by 20.4%, 20.6%, 16.5%, 17.4%, 10.4%, 24.2%, and 29.4%; while there was no effect in oat, wheat, mung bean, corn and gomphrena. An increase in leaf blade area and/or length of sheath were observed in GA3 treated plants of oat, barley, mung bean, squash, pepper, corn, sorghum, millet and kochia. The transpiration rate remained unchanged following GA3 treatment in all 12 species.

摘要

用赤霉素（GA3）进行根部处理对 12 种植物的生长和光合作用的影响，这 12 种植物包括 C3 单子叶植物（小麦、大麦、燕麦）、C3 双子叶植物（绿豆、南瓜、辣椒）、C4 单子叶植物（玉米、高粱、谷子）和 C4 双子叶植物（反枝苋、狗尾草、苋属）。四日后，赤霉素处理的最佳条件下，大麦、燕麦、南瓜、辣椒、玉米、高粱、谷子、反枝苋和狗尾草的相对生长率（RGR）分别比对照增加了 12.7%、9.9%、11.3%、10.7%、19.2%、10.1%、11.5%、16.4%和 32.7%。赤霉素对小麦、绿豆和鸡冠花的 RGR 没有影响。赤霉素使大麦、南瓜、辣椒、高粱、反枝苋和狗尾草的叶绿素含量分别降低了 20.0%、13.9%、20.9%、17.1%、11.9%和 28.0%，而燕麦、小麦、绿豆、玉米、谷子和鸡冠花的叶绿素含量则保持不变。当光合速率按每毫克叶绿素表示时，结果表明赤霉素可以刺激大麦、南瓜、辣椒、高粱、谷子、反枝苋和狗尾草的光合作用，分别提高 20.4%、20.6%、16.5%、17.4%、10.4%、24.2%和 29.4%；而在燕麦、小麦、绿豆、玉米和鸡冠花中则没有效果。用赤霉素处理后，燕麦、大麦、绿豆、南瓜、辣椒、玉米、高粱、谷子和狗尾草的叶片面积和/或叶鞘长度增加。在所有 12 个物种中，蒸腾速率在赤霉素处理后保持不变。