National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California at Santa Barbara, 735 State Street Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA; Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA.
Glob Chang Biol. 2014 Jun;20(6):1832-43. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12502. Epub 2014 Jan 20.
Climate-driven range shifts are ongoing in pelagic marine environments, and ecosystems must respond to combined effects of altered species distributions and environmental drivers. Hypoxic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in midwater environments are shoaling globally; this can affect distributions of species both geographically and vertically along with predator-prey dynamics. Humboldt (jumbo) squid (Dosidicus gigas) are highly migratory predators adapted to hypoxic conditions that may be deleterious to their competitors and predators. Consequently, OMZ shoaling may preferentially facilitate foraging opportunities for Humboldt squid. With two separate modeling approaches using unique, long-term data based on in situ observations of predator, prey, and environmental variables, our analyses suggest that Humboldt squid are indirectly affected by OMZ shoaling through effects on a primary food source, myctophid fishes. Our results suggest that this indirect linkage between hypoxia and foraging is an important driver of the ongoing range expansion of Humboldt squid in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
在海洋浮游环境中，气候驱动的范围转移正在进行，生态系统必须应对物种分布和环境驱动因素变化的综合影响。中层水域缺氧的氧气最小区（OMZ）在全球范围内正在变浅；这会影响到物种的地理和垂直分布，以及捕食者-猎物的动态。洪堡（巨型）鱿鱼（Dosidicus gigas）是高度洄游的捕食者，适应缺氧环境，这可能对它们的竞争者和捕食者有害。因此，OMZ 变浅可能会优先为洪堡鱿鱼提供觅食机会。我们使用两种独立的建模方法，这些方法基于对捕食者、猎物和环境变量的原位观测的独特的长期数据，分析表明，OMZ 变浅通过对主要食物源——鲱鱼科鱼类的影响，间接地影响到洪堡鱿鱼。我们的研究结果表明，这种缺氧和觅食之间的间接联系是洪堡鱿鱼在东北太平洋地区持续扩张的一个重要驱动因素。
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