Koyama Atsuko, Hagopian Laura, Linden Judith
Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Clin Med Insights Reprod Health. 2013 Feb 18;7:23-35. doi: 10.4137/CMRH.S8145.
Emergency post-coital contraception (EC) is an effective method of preventing pregnancy when used appropriately. EC has been available since the 1970s, and its availability and use have become widespread. Options for EC are broad and include the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and emergency contraceptive pills such as levonorgestrel, ulipristal acetate, combined oral contraceptive pills (Yuzpe method), and less commonly, mifepristone. Some options are available over-the-counter, while others require provider prescription or placement. There are no absolute contraindications to the use of emergency contraceptive pills, with the exception of ulipristal acetate and mifepristone. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, side effects, clinical considerations, and patient preferences with respect to EC usage. The decision of which regimen to use is influenced by local availability, cost, and patient preference.
性交后紧急避孕（EC）在适当使用时是一种有效的避孕方法。自20世纪70年代以来就有紧急避孕措施，其可及性和使用已变得广泛。紧急避孕的选择广泛，包括铜宫内节育器（IUD）和紧急避孕药，如左炔诺孕酮、醋酸乌利司他、复方口服避孕药（尤兹佩法），较少使用的还有米非司酮。有些选择是非处方药，而其他的则需要医生处方或放置。除醋酸乌利司他和米非司酮外，使用紧急避孕药没有绝对禁忌证。本文回顾了紧急避孕使用方面的作用机制、疗效、安全性、副作用、临床考虑因素和患者偏好。选择使用哪种方案受当地可及性、成本和患者偏好的影响。
