Meysamie Alipasha, Ghalehtaki Reza, Ghazanfari Arash, Daneshvar-Fard Maryam, Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Psychiatry. 2013 Aug;8(3):138-44.
Childhood aggression may lead to severe social disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Different psychiatric approaches are focused on preschool aged aggressive children. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of childhood direct and indirect aggression.
In this cross sectional study a total of 1403 children attending 43 kindergartens were assessed. Data were collected through a structured 46-item questionnaire investigating symptoms of physical, verbal and relational aggression which was completed by parents and teachers of day-care centers. Complex sample survey analysis and multivariate logistic regression method were used for data analysis.
According to parents' rating, the prevalence of physical,verbal and relational aggression, was 9.9% (95% CI=7.4%-12.4%), 6.3% (95% CI=5.0% -7.6%) and 1.6% (95%CI=1.0%-2.2%), respectively; while based on teachers' rating the prevalence of physical,verbal and relational aggression were 10.9% (95% CI=8.9% -12.9%), 4.9%(95% CI=3.8% -6.0%) and 6% (95% CI=4.4% -7.6%), respectively. A wide range of family environment factors including living with a single parent, having a working mother, death of someone close to the child, and having less educated mother were significantly associated with different types of aggression; additionally, there was some evidence of a relationship between sex of the children and physical aggression, after controlling for other variables (p < 0.05).
This study revealed that children's family environment alongside internal factors plays an important role as an external factor in determining the child's potential aggressive behavior. Given this, to better prevent the aggressive behavior of children, intervention strategies should be planned for families and caregivers; specially mothers should receive training to use such strategies.
儿童期攻击行为可能导致青少年期及成年期出现严重的社会障碍。不同的精神病学方法聚焦于学龄前攻击性儿童。本研究的目的是评估儿童期直接攻击和间接攻击的患病率及相关因素。
在这项横断面研究中，对43所幼儿园的1403名儿童进行了评估。通过一份由日托中心的家长和教师完成的、包含46个条目的结构化问卷收集数据，该问卷调查身体攻击、言语攻击和关系攻击的症状。采用复杂样本调查分析和多因素逻辑回归方法进行数据分析。
根据家长的评分，身体攻击、言语攻击和关系攻击的患病率分别为9.9%（95%可信区间=7.4%-12.4%）、6.3%（95%可信区间=5.0%-7.6%）和1.6%（95%可信区间=1.0%-2.2%）；而根据教师的评分，身体攻击、言语攻击和关系攻击的患病率分别为10.9%（95%可信区间=8.9%-12.9%）、4.9%（95%可信区间=3.8%-6.0%）和6%（95%可信区间=4.4%-7.6%）。一系列家庭环境因素，包括与单亲生活、母亲有工作、孩子身边亲近的人死亡以及母亲受教育程度较低，均与不同类型的攻击行为显著相关；此外，在控制其他变量后，有证据表明儿童性别与身体攻击之间存在关联（p<0.05）。
本研究表明，儿童的家庭环境以及内在因素作为外部因素，在决定儿童潜在攻击行为方面起着重要作用。鉴于此，为更好地预防儿童的攻击行为，应为家庭和照顾者制定干预策略；特别是母亲应接受使用此类策略的培训。
