Wattchow D A, Furness J B, Costa M, O'Brien P E, Peacock M
Department of Anatomy, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.
Gastroenterology. 1987 Dec;93(6):1363-71. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(87)90267-8.
The distributions of nerve cells and fibers with immunoreactivity for the peptides substance P, somatostatin, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and neuropeptide Y and the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase were examined in 25 samples of human esophagus. These were compared with samples of stomach and intestine. In the smooth muscle of the muscularis externa, the muscularis mucosae, and beneath the epithelium, the most abundant nerve fibers contained vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y, in contrast to the scarcity of substance P, enkephalin, somatostatin, and gastrin-releasing peptide. Gastric and intestinal samples contained dense populations of fibers containing vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and enkephalin in the equivalent layers, but somatostatin- and gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive fibers were scarce. Complete coexistence of vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y in nerve fibers within the muscle layers was demonstrated in the esophagus, but not in gastric and intestinal samples. The myenteric plexus along the length of the esophagus contained cell bodies and fibers reactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, enkephalin, and substance P. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cell bodies were very rare in the myenteric plexus, no gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive cell bodies were seen, and both somatostatin and gastrin-releasing peptide-immunoreactive fibers were rare. In the upper esophagus, striated muscle bundles did not contain nerve fibers reactive for these peptides but immunoreactive fibers were seen in the muscularis mucosae and subepithelium. It is concluded that the esophagus has a different pattern of innervation by peptide-containing neurons than the stomach and intestines. Esophageal neurons can be classified into separate classes on the basis of their peptide content.
对25份人类食管样本中具有P物质、生长抑素、脑啡肽、血管活性肠肽、胃泌素释放肽、神经肽Y免疫反应性的神经细胞和纤维以及酪氨酸羟化酶进行了分布检测。将这些样本与胃和肠的样本进行了比较。在肌层、黏膜肌层的平滑肌以及上皮下方，最丰富的神经纤维含有血管活性肠肽和神经肽Y，相比之下，P物质、脑啡肽、生长抑素和胃泌素释放肽则较为稀少。胃和肠样本在相应层中含有密集的含有血管活性肠肽、神经肽Y、P物质和脑啡肽的纤维群，但生长抑素和胃泌素释放肽免疫反应性纤维较少。在食管肌层内的神经纤维中，血管活性肠肽和神经肽Y完全共存，但在胃和肠样本中则没有。沿食管全长的肌间神经丛含有对血管活性肠肽、神经肽Y、脑啡肽和P物质有反应的细胞体和纤维。在肌间神经丛中，生长抑素免疫反应性细胞体非常罕见，未见到胃泌素释放肽免疫反应性细胞体，生长抑素和胃泌素释放肽免疫反应性纤维均较少。在食管上段，横纹肌束不含对这些肽有反应的神经纤维，但在黏膜肌层和上皮下可见免疫反应性纤维。结论是，食管含肽神经元的神经支配模式与胃和肠不同。食管神经元可根据其肽含量分为不同类别。
