Duodecim. 2013;129(24):2685-6.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common. Usual symptoms are joint noises and pain, pain in masticatory muscles, difficulties in jaw movements and headache. Treatment of TMD includes information on the background and good response to treatment of these disorders. The patient is advised on self-care routines, including relaxing the lower jaw, massaging the masticatory muscles and hot or cold packs on painful sites. Pharmacotherapy consists of paracetamol or anti-inflammatory analgesics. Occlusal appliances, physiotherapy, cognitive therapies and acupuncture are recommended. Complicated cases not responding to treatment are referred to specialized care.
颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)很常见。常见症状有关节弹响和疼痛、咀嚼肌疼痛、下颌运动困难以及头痛。TMD的治疗包括提供疾病背景信息以及对这些病症治疗的良好反应。建议患者进行自我护理常规操作,包括放松下颌、按摩咀嚼肌以及在疼痛部位热敷或冷敷。药物治疗包括使用对乙酰氨基酚或消炎镇痛药。推荐使用咬合矫治器、物理治疗、认知疗法和针灸。对治疗无反应的复杂病例需转诊至专科护理。