Karlsbakk Egil, Einen Ann-Cathrine Bårdsgjaere, Bartosová Pavla
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceské Budĕjovice, Czech Republic.
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2013 Nov;60(5):425-32. doi: 10.14411/fp.2013.045.
Sphaeromyxa artedielli sp. n. is described from the gall bladder of the Atlantic hookear sculpin Artediellus atlanticus Jordan et Evermann (Cottidae; type host) from northern Norway. The parasite was also found to infect Triglops murrayi Günther (Cottidae). Spores are produced in disporic pansporoblasts in large flat plasmodia. Spores are straight and fusiform with truncated ends, and measure 16.5-18.7 microm x 4.9-6.2 microm. Valves are thick, striated and suture line is straight. Two equal ovoid polar capsules measure 4.2-6.8 microm x 2.9-4.4 microm and contain irregularly folded polar filaments. Distinctive features include spore shape and size, spore length/width relationship, striated valves, equal polar capsules and a short intercapsular distance. Sphaeromyxa bonaerensis Timi et Sardella, 1998, Sphaeromyxa cannolii Sears, Anderson et Greiner, 2011, and Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli Naidenova, 1970 produce straight spores with truncated ends that are of similar length as those of the new species. Sphaeromyxa cannolii differs in showing smooth spores with unequal polar capsules. The new species differs from S. bonaerensis and S. sevastopoli in significantly wider spores and polar capsules. Sphaeromyxa balbianii Thélohan, 1892, a species originally described with significantly smaller spores than S. artedielli sp. n., has previously been recorded from T. murrayi. We show that S. artedielli sp. n. differs from S. balbianii from the type host Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet) by its SSU rDNA sequence, and suggest that Atlantic records of Sphaeromyxa spp. from T. murrayi represent S. artedielli sp. n. The closest relative to S. artedielli sp. n. according to the SSU rDNA sequences, S. longa Dunkerly, 1921, differs clearly by spore size and shape. In the SSU rDNA-based phylogenetic analyses, S. artedielli sp. n. groups with other Sphaeromyxa spp. with straight spores and truncated ends in a clade that represents a sister-group to Sphaeromyxa spp. with arcuate spores and rounded ends. Our results indicate that an SSU rDNA pseudogene is present in S. balbianii.
新种阿氏球孢黏体虫（Sphaeromyxa artedielli sp. n.）是从挪威北部的大西洋钩吻杜父鱼（Artediellus atlanticus Jordan et Evermann，杜父鱼科；模式宿主）的胆囊中描述的。该寄生虫也被发现感染了默氏三鬚杜父鱼（Triglops murrayi Günther，杜父鱼科）。孢子在大型扁平的原质团中的双孢子母孢子囊中产生。孢子呈直的梭形，两端截平，大小为16.5 - 18.7微米×4.9 - 6.2微米。孢瓣厚，有条纹，缝线是直的。两个相等的卵形极囊大小为4.2 - 6.8微米×2.9 - 4.4微米，包含不规则折叠的极丝。其显著特征包括孢子的形状和大小、孢子长宽比、有条纹的孢瓣、相等的极囊以及较短的极囊间距。1998年的布氏球孢黏体虫（Sphaeromyxa bonaerensis Timi et Sardella）、2011年的卡诺利球孢黏体虫（Sphaeromyxa cannolii Sears, Anderson et Greiner）和1970年的塞瓦斯托波尔球孢黏体虫（Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli Naidenova）产生的直孢子两端截平，长度与新物种相似。卡诺利球孢黏体虫的不同之处在于其孢子光滑，极囊不相等。新物种与布氏球孢黏体虫和塞瓦斯托波尔球孢黏体虫的不同之处在于孢子和极囊明显更宽。1892年的巴尔比亚尼球孢黏体虫（Sphaeromyxa balbianii Thélohan），最初描述的孢子比阿氏球孢黏体虫新种小得多，此前已在默氏三鬚杜父鱼中记录到。我们表明，阿氏球孢黏体虫新种与来自模式宿主普通狼鱼（Gaidropsarus vulgaris (Cloquet)）的巴尔比亚尼球孢黏体虫在其小亚基核糖体DNA（SSU rDNA）序列上存在差异，并认为来自默氏三鬚杜父鱼的球孢黏体虫属物种的大西洋记录代表阿氏球孢黏体虫新种。根据SSU rDNA序列，与阿氏球孢黏体虫新种亲缘关系最近的是1921年的长球孢黏体虫（S. longa Dunkerly），其在孢子大小和形状上有明显差异。在基于SSU rDNA的系统发育分析中，阿氏球孢黏体虫新种与其他具有直孢子和截平末端的球孢黏体虫属物种聚在一个分支中，该分支代表了具有弓形孢子和圆形末端的球孢黏体虫属物种的姐妹群。我们的结果表明，巴尔比亚尼球孢黏体虫中存在一个SSU rDNA假基因。
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