Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Branch Campus, Bangalore, India.
J Biosci. 2014 Mar;39(1):157-69. doi: 10.1007/s12038-013-9409-5.
Regenerative medicine is an evolving interdisciplinary topic of research involving numerous technological methods that utilize stem cells to repair damaged tissues. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a great tool in regenerative medicine because of their lack of tumorogenicity, immunogenicity and ability to perform immunomodulatory as well as anti-inflammatory functions. Numerous studies have investigated the role of MSCs in tissue repair and modulation of allogeneic immune responses. MSCs derived from different sources hold unique regenerative potential as they are self-renewing and can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial and neuronal cells, among which neuronal-like cells have gained special interest. MSCs also have the ability to secrete multiple bioactive molecules capable of stimulating recovery of injured cells and inhibiting inflammation. In this review we focus on neural differentiation potential of MSCs isolated from different sources and how certain growth factors/small molecules can be used to derive neuronal phenotypes from MSCs. We also discuss the efficacy of MSCs when transplanted in vivo and how they can generate certain neurons and lead to relief or recovery of the diseased condition. Furthermore, we have tried to evaluate the appropriatemerits of different sources ofMSCs with respect to their propensity towards neurological differentiation as well as their effectiveness in preclinical studies.
再生医学是一个不断发展的跨学科研究课题，涉及许多利用干细胞修复受损组织的技术方法。特别是间充质干细胞（MSCs）由于其无致瘤性、免疫原性以及能够发挥免疫调节和抗炎作用，是再生医学的重要工具。许多研究都探讨了 MSCs 在组织修复和调节同种异体免疫反应中的作用。源自不同来源的 MSCs 具有独特的再生潜力，因为它们具有自我更新能力，并能分化为软骨细胞、成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、心肌细胞、肝细胞、内皮细胞和神经元细胞，其中神经元样细胞引起了特别的关注。MSCs 还能够分泌多种具有刺激受损细胞恢复和抑制炎症能力的生物活性分子。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了从不同来源分离的 MSCs 的神经分化潜力，以及某些生长因子/小分子如何用于从 MSCs 中获得神经元表型。我们还讨论了 MSC 体内移植的疗效，以及它们如何产生特定的神经元，从而缓解或恢复疾病状态。此外，我们还尝试评估不同来源的 MSCs 在神经分化倾向及其在临床前研究中的有效性方面的适当优点。
