McLaughlin M R, Brooks J P, Adeli A
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Genetics and Precision Agriculture Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS, 39762-5367, USA,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Jul;186(7):4097-110. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3683-z. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
A sampler was needed for a spatial and temporal study of microbial and chemical stratification in a large swine manure lagoon that was known to contain zoonotic bacteria. Conventional samplers were limited to collections of surface water samples near the bank or required a manned boat. A new sampler was developed to allow simultaneous collection of multiple samples at different depths, up to 2.3 m, without a manned boat. The sampler was tethered for stability, used remote control (RC) for sample collection, and accommodated rapid replacement of sterile tubing modules and sample containers. The sampler comprised a PVC pontoon with acrylic deck and watertight enclosures, for a 12 VDC gearmotor, to operate the collection module, and vacuum system, to draw samples into reusable autoclavable tubing and 250-mL bottles. Although designed primarily for water samples, the sampler was easily modified to collect sludge. The sampler held a stable position during deployment, created minimal disturbance in the water column, and was readily cleaned and sanitized for transport. The sampler was field tested initially in a shallow fresh water lake and subsequently in a swine manure treatment lagoon. Analyses of water samples from the lagoon tests showed that chemical and bacterial levels, pH, and EC did not differ between 0.04, 0.47, and 1.0 m depths, but some chemical and bacterial levels differed between winter and spring collections. These results demonstrated the utility of the sampler and suggested that future manure lagoon studies employ fewer or different depths and more sampling dates.
需要一种采样器,用于对一个已知含有人畜共患病细菌的大型猪粪泻湖进行微生物和化学分层的时空研究。传统采样器仅限于采集岸边附近的地表水样本,或者需要一艘载人船。开发了一种新的采样器,无需载人船即可同时在不同深度(最深达2.3米)采集多个样本。该采样器通过系绳保持稳定,使用遥控(RC)进行样本采集,并可快速更换无菌 tubing 模块和样本容器。采样器包括一个带有丙烯酸甲板和防水外壳的PVC浮筒,用于一个12 VDC齿轮电机来操作采集模块,以及一个真空系统,用于将样本吸入可重复使用的可高压灭菌的 tubing 和250毫升瓶子中。尽管该采样器主要设计用于采集水样,但很容易进行改装以采集污泥。采样器在部署过程中保持稳定位置,在水柱中产生的干扰最小,并且易于清洁和消毒以便运输。该采样器最初在一个浅淡水湖进行了现场测试,随后在一个猪粪处理泻湖进行了测试。对泻湖测试水样的分析表明,在0.04、0.47和1.0米深度处,化学和细菌水平、pH值和电导率没有差异,但冬季和春季采集的一些化学和细菌水平有所不同。这些结果证明了该采样器的实用性,并表明未来对粪肥泻湖的研究应采用更少或不同的深度以及更多的采样日期。