Blegen Nina Elisabeth, Eriksson Katie, Bondas Terese
Department of Caring Science, Åbo Academy University, Vasa, Finland; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2014 Dec;28(4):852-60. doi: 10.1111/scs.12122. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
This study attempts to contribute to the knowledge of caring science and mental health care by means of a profound understanding of the patients' existential world when being a mother in receipt of psychiatric care, with focus on inner processes such as health and suffering. Mothers struggle to cope with the demands of the illness and the responsibility for their children. They see themselves through their children and regard the child as an important part of themselves. Mothers experience guilt and shame related to motherhood, and when they have to relinquish their responsibility as a mother, they consider themselves a failure. Despite a range of practical and emotional difficulties, motherhood involved extremely positive experiences, which provide a purpose as well as fulfilment and meaning in life.
This study is rooted in philosophical hermeneutics inspired by Gadamer with an inductive-deductive-abductive approach. Interpretation of the data was made on different levels of abstraction described as rational, contextual, existential and ontological. The point of departure was the caring science theory about health and suffering and the hermeneutic philosophy of understanding.
The interpretation revealed the mothers' experiences of health and suffering as a struggle between the darkness of suffering and their inner source of strength. In the light of the theory of caring, the conscience became visible as the bearer of the human being's inner ethos of love and compassion. Experiences of health and suffering were interpreted as a struggle between guilt and responsibility, where conscience emerged as the road from ontological guilt to responsibility that leads the human being to what is true, beautiful and good in life.
本研究试图通过深入理解接受精神科护理的母亲的生存世界，为关怀科学和精神卫生保健知识做出贡献，重点关注健康和痛苦等内心过程。母亲们努力应对疾病的需求以及对孩子的责任。她们通过孩子来认识自己，并将孩子视为自身的重要组成部分。母亲们经历与母亲身份相关的内疚和羞耻感，当她们不得不放弃母亲的责任时，会认为自己是失败者。尽管存在一系列实际和情感上的困难，但母亲身份也包含极其积极的经历，这些经历赋予生活目标、成就感和意义。
本研究植根于受伽达默尔启发的哲学诠释学，采用归纳 - 演绎 - 溯因法。对数据的解释基于不同抽象层次，分别描述为理性、情境、生存和本体论层次。出发点是关于健康和痛苦的关怀科学理论以及理解的诠释学哲学。
诠释揭示了母亲们对健康和痛苦的体验是在痛苦的黑暗与她们内心力量源泉之间的挣扎。根据关怀理论，良知显现为人类内心爱与同情的道德准则的承载者。健康和痛苦的体验被诠释为内疚与责任之间的挣扎，其中良知成为从本体论内疚通向责任的道路，引领人类走向生活中真实、美好与善良的事物。
