High toxic efficiency of ricin immunotoxins specific for the T-cell antigen receptor of a human leukemia T-cell line.

Immunotoxins (ITs) were prepared by covalently coupling ricin to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against: (a) 2 different epitopes of the T-cell receptor (TcR) expressed by the Jurkat leukemia T-cell line (JTi2 and JTi4 MAb), (b) 2 epitopes of the CD3 complex (SpV-T3b and 11D8 MAb), (c) the CD2 and the CD8 cell-surface molecules. Conjugates were assayed for their cytotoxic activity by pre-incubating the Jurkat cell line with different concentrations (10-250 ng/ml) of each IT for 2 hr at 37 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 M lactose. After washing, cells were cultured for 24 hr and their protein synthesis and proliferative capacities were assessed. Dose-response experiments indicated that JTi2, JTi4 and anti-CD3 (11D8) ITs inhibited by greater than 90% the cell line proliferation at 50 ng/ml, a 5-fold lower concentration than that required to achieve a similar effect when anti-CD2 and anti-CD3 (SpVT3b) were used. After 4 hr of culture subsequent to treatment with JTi2 or JTi4 ITs (250 ng/ml), protein synthesis was inhibited (greater than 80%). By limiting dilution analysis (LDA) we estimated that the frequency of proliferating Jurkat cells (1/1.5) was reduced to 1/20, 1/460 and 1/300 after treatment with anti-CD3 (SpVT3b), JTi4 and JTi2 ITs, respectively. Phenotypic analysis of 13 clones derived from JTi2 IT-treated Jurkat cells showed that 50% were CD7+ CD3- JTi- variants. When bone-marrow mononuclear cells, previously mixed with low concentrations of Jurkat cells, were treated with anti-JTi ITs, the toxic efficiency estimated by LDA was maintained whereas the growth of CFU-GM remained unaltered.