Schönherr Silvia, Halfens Ruud J G, Lohrmann Christa
Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2015 Mar;29(1):193-202. doi: 10.1111/scs.12133. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Malnutrition is an internationally prevalent healthcare phenomenon in nursing home residents entailing serious consequences for those who are affected. Lack of knowledge among nursing staff is often discussed as a reason for deficits in nutritional practice. For this reason, a valid and reliable tool is necessary to assess knowledge of malnutrition (KoM) care. The objective of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a questionnaire aimed at assessing the KoM care among nursing staff in Austrian nursing homes.
This study follows a psychometric methodological design. The dimensions and items of the questionnaire were derived from a literature review. The content validity was evaluated using a Delphi technique with eight international experts in the field of malnutrition. Item validity in terms of distribution of response alternatives, item difficulty and discrimination index, construct validity in terms of a comparison between predefined known groups and internal consistency using Kuder-Richardson 20 were analysed in a sample of 1152 registered nurses/nurse aides from 66 Austrian nursing homes.
The Knowledge of Malnutrition - Geriatric (KoM-G) questionnaire consists of 20 items with six answer options including 'I don't know' with established content validity. The quality of response alternatives ranged from 0.3 to 96.9%. The item difficulty of the total questionnaire was 59.3% and the discrimination index was 0.37, whereas one item had a discrimination index below 0.20 and was therefore deleted. Significant differences in percentage of correct answers between registered nurses and nurse aides, nursing staff with training in nutrition and without as well as between nursing staff with positive attitudes towards nutritional care and neutral or negative attitudes were found. The Kuder-Richardson 20 was 0.69.
The KoM-G shows acceptable psychometric properties covering a wide range of items regarding malnutrition and can be applied in nursing home practice, education and research.
营养不良是养老院居民中一种在国际上普遍存在的医疗保健现象，对受影响者会产生严重后果。护理人员知识的缺乏常被认为是营养护理不足的一个原因。因此，需要一个有效且可靠的工具来评估营养不良护理知识（KoM）。本研究的目的是开发并从心理测量学角度评估一份旨在评估奥地利养老院护理人员营养不良护理知识的问卷。
本研究采用心理测量学方法设计。问卷的维度和项目源自文献综述。使用德尔菲技术，由八位营养不良领域的国际专家评估内容效度。在来自奥地利66家养老院的1152名注册护士/护理助理样本中，分析了回答选项分布、项目难度和区分指数方面的项目效度，以及预定义已知组之间比较和使用库德 - 理查森20计算的内部一致性方面的结构效度。
营养不良 - 老年（KoM - G）问卷由20个项目组成，有六个答案选项，包括“我不知道”，具有确定的内容效度。回答选项的质量范围为0.3%至96.9%。问卷总项目难度为59.3%，区分指数为0.37，其中一个项目的区分指数低于0.20，因此被删除。发现注册护士和护理助理、接受过营养培训和未接受过营养培训的护理人员以及对营养护理持积极态度和中性或消极态度的护理人员在正确答案百分比上存在显著差异。库德 - 理查森20系数为0.69。
KoM - G显示出可接受的心理测量特性，涵盖了关于营养不良的广泛项目，可应用于养老院实践、教育和研究。
