Krohn Antje, Freudenthaler Fabian, Harasimowicz Silvia, Kluth Martina, Fuchs Sarah, Burkhardt Lia, Stahl Phillip, C Tsourlakis Maria, Bauer Melanie, Tennstedt Pierre, Graefen Markus, Steurer Stefan, Sirma Hueseyin, Sauter Guido, Schlomm Thorsten, Simon Ronald, Minner Sarah
Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Mod Pathol. 2014 Dec;27(12):1612-20. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.70. Epub 2014 Apr 25.
TMPRSS2:ERG fusions, in combination with deletion of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor, have been suggested to cooperatively drive tumor progression in prostate cancer. We utilized a novel heterogeneity tissue microarray containing samples from 10 different tumor blocks of 189 prostatectomy specimens to study heterogeneity of genomic PTEN alterations in individual foci. PTEN alterations were found in 48/123 (39%) analyzable individual tumor foci, including 40 foci with deletions, 7 with deletion and rearrangement, and 1 focus with rearrangement only. PTEN was homogeneously aberrant in only 4 (8%) and heterogeneously in 44 (92%) of the foci. We found a specific sequence of molecular events from PTEN breakage followed by deletion of DNA sequences flanking the breakpoint, resulting in homozygous deletion. The observation that 16 of 19 foci with homogeneous ERG positivity had focal PTEN alterations but none of 10 foci with PTEN alterations had focal ERG positivity (P<0.0001) suggests that PTEN alterations typically develop subsequent to ERG fusions. We demonstrate a high level of intratumoral heterogeneity of PTEN alterations with deletions and rearrangements that challenges potential PTEN routine diagnosis testing in biopsies. The observation that PTEN alterations develop subsequent to ERG fusion strongly suggests that ERG expression may directly drive development of PTEN aberrations.
TMPRSS2:ERG融合,结合磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)肿瘤抑制因子的缺失,被认为可协同驱动前列腺癌的肿瘤进展。我们使用了一种新型的异质性组织微阵列,其包含来自189例前列腺切除标本的10个不同肿瘤块的样本,以研究单个病灶中基因组PTEN改变的异质性。在123个可分析的单个肿瘤病灶中的48个(39%)发现了PTEN改变,包括40个有缺失的病灶、7个有缺失和重排的病灶以及1个仅有重排的病灶。PTEN在仅4个(8%)病灶中呈均匀异常,在44个(92%)病灶中呈异质性异常。我们发现了一系列特定的分子事件,从PTEN断裂开始,随后是断点两侧DNA序列的缺失,导致纯合缺失。19个ERG均匀阳性病灶中有16个有局灶性PTEN改变,但10个有PTEN改变的病灶中没有一个有局灶性ERG阳性(P<0.0001),这一观察结果表明PTEN改变通常在ERG融合之后发生。我们证明了PTEN改变存在高水平的肿瘤内异质性,包括缺失和重排,这对活检中PTEN的常规诊断检测构成了挑战。PTEN改变在ERG融合之后发生这一观察结果强烈表明ERG表达可能直接驱动PTEN畸变的发生。