Evidence-based medicine: Face lift.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After studying this article, the participant should be able to: (1) Thoroughly recognize the factors that contribute to hematoma after face lift. (2) Describe and apply the current evidence for which technique gives superior results in outcomes after face lift. (3) Use the current evidence to determine whether to incorporate fibrin sealant into the practitioner's intraoperative routine, and its effects on bleeding, fluid accumulation, and bruising. (4) Explain an approach for controlling blood pressure in the perioperative period after face lift. (5) Describe the benefits of controlling nausea and vomiting after face lift. (6) Use appropriate measures to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism when performing face lift. (7) Assess the role of different forms of local anesthetic in reducing postoperative hematoma.

SUMMARY

This article provides a review of the latest evidence regarding the preoperative assessment and perioperative management of patients undergoing face lift. The effects of various pharmacologic interventions and surgical techniques on postoperative complications are also reviewed. In addition, a meta-analysis of recent literature was performed to compare the rates of postoperative hematoma formation following various face lift techniques.