Otsuka Kotaro, Sakai Akio, Nakamura Hikaru, Akahira Mitsuko
Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2014;116(3):196-202.
When considering approaches to mental health in areas affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, as well as the resulting tsunami and Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, it is not sufficient to focus interventions solely on individuals experiencing mental health issues. The situation demands a comprehensive approach that includes programs that target improvements to mental health literacy among residents in areas affected by the disaster, the rebuilding of relationships between residents themselves, collaboration with recovery and support activities, and mental health support for people participating in recovery and support efforts. From a medium- to long-term perspective, suicide prevention is an important issue. Comprehensive suicide prevention efforts are being promoted in areas of Iwate Prefecture affected by the disaster. In suicide prevention programs, it is crucial to foster the development of human resources in the local community. In order to expand community supports, it is necessary to provide education on ways of supporting those affected by a disaster to local medical personnel, people staffing inquiry and consultation offices, and people in fields related to mental health. Suicide prevention and disaster relief efforts are both approaches that target people in difficulty, and they share commonalities in principles, systems, and approaches to human resource development. "Mental health first aid" is a program developed in Australia that defines methods of early intervention by non-professionals who encounter someone experiencing a mental health problem. The mental health first aid-based gatekeeper training program of the Japanese government's Cabinet Office, which the author's research team helped to develop, allows participants to obtain the knowledge and skills required of gatekeepers. In 2012, a module for disaster-affected areas was developed and added to the program, with additional content that provides program participants with the skills to respond in crisis situations encountered during advice/counseling work in evacuation centers and temporary housing facilities. In addition, since 2011 the Cabinet Office has offered a facilitator training program that was developed based on the gatekeeper training program. Program text materials may be downloaded from the Web site of the Cabinet Office, and it is hoped that they will be used in the education of those involved in caring for people affected by a disaster.
在考虑受2011年东日本大地震、随之而来的海啸以及福岛核电站事故影响地区的心理健康问题应对方法时，仅将干预措施聚焦于有心理健康问题的个人是不够的。这种情况需要一种全面的方法，包括针对提高受灾地区居民心理健康素养的项目、重建居民之间的关系、与恢复和支持活动协作，以及为参与恢复和支持工作的人们提供心理健康支持。从中长期角度来看，预防自杀是一个重要问题。岩手县受灾害影响的地区正在推进全面的自杀预防工作。在自杀预防项目中，培养当地社区的人力资源至关重要。为了扩大社区支持，有必要向当地医务人员、咨询办公室工作人员以及心理健康相关领域的人员提供关于支持受灾者方法的教育。自杀预防和救灾工作都是针对处于困境中的人们的方法，它们在原则、体系和人力资源开发方法上有共同之处。“心理健康急救”是澳大利亚开发的一个项目，它定义了非专业人员遇到有心理健康问题的人时的早期干预方法。作者的研究团队协助日本内阁府开发的基于心理健康急救的守门人培训项目，使参与者能够获得守门人所需的知识和技能。2012年，针对受灾地区开发了一个模块并添加到该项目中，其额外内容为项目参与者提供了在疏散中心和临时住房设施的咨询/辅导工作中遇到危机情况时做出应对的技能。此外，自2011年以来，内阁府提供了一个基于守门人培训项目开发的促进者培训项目。项目文本材料可从内阁府网站下载，希望它们能用于对参与照顾受灾人员的人员的教育。
