Kuwabara Chikako, Terauchi Ryuji, Tochigi Hiroshi, Takaoka Hisao, Arakawa Keita, Fujikawa Seizo
Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0805, Japan.
New Product Development Office, COSMO-OIL LUBRICANTS Co., Ltd., 1134-2 Gongendo, Saitama 340-0193, Japan.
Cryobiology. 2014 Aug;69(1):10-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.04.012. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Supercooling-promoting activities (SCAs) of 25 kinds of surfactants including non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric types were examined in solutions (buffered Milli-Q water, BMQW) containing the ice nucleation bacterium (INB) Erwinia ananas, silver iodide (AgI) or BMQW alone, which unintentionally contained unidentified ice nucleators, by a droplet freezing assay. Most of the surfactants exhibited SCA in solutions containing AgI but not in solutions containing the INB E. ananas or BMQW alone. SCAs of many surfactants in solutions containing AgI were very high compared with those of previously reported supercooling-promoting substances. Cationic surfactants, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C16TAC), at concentrations of 0.01% (w/v) exhibited SCA of 11.8 °C, which is the highest SCA so far reported. These surfactants also showed high SCAs at very low concentrations in solutions containing AgI. C16TAB exhibited SCA of 5.7 °C at a concentration of 0.0005% (w/v).
通过液滴冷冻试验，对包括非离子型、阴离子型、阳离子型和两性离子型在内的25种表面活性剂在含有冰核细菌（INB）菠萝欧文氏菌、碘化银（AgI）的溶液（缓冲超纯水，BMQW）或仅含有BMQW（其无意中含有未鉴定的冰核剂）中的促过冷活性（SCA）进行了检测。大多数表面活性剂在含有AgI的溶液中表现出促过冷活性，但在含有菠萝欧文氏菌或仅含有BMQW的溶液中未表现出该活性。与先前报道的促过冷物质相比，许多表面活性剂在含有AgI的溶液中的促过冷活性非常高。阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（C16TAB）和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（C16TAC），在浓度为0.01%（w/v）时表现出11.8℃的促过冷活性，这是迄今为止报道的最高促过冷活性。这些表面活性剂在含有AgI的溶液中极低浓度下也表现出高促过冷活性。C16TAB在浓度为0.0005%（w/v）时表现出5.7℃的促过冷活性。
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