暴力的动态变化

Dynamics of violence.

作者信息

Katerndahl David, Burge Sandra, Ferrer Robert, Becho Johanna, Wood Robert

机构信息

Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

出版信息

J Eval Clin Pract. 2014 Oct;20(5):695-702. doi: 10.1111/jep.12151. Epub 2014 May 5.

DOI:10.1111/jep.12151

PMID:24798515

Abstract

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Three behavioural models suggest different dynamic patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies permit assessment of IPV dynamics. The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of non-linearity in daily violence between partners over a 3-month period, identify their specific dynamic patterns and determine whether measures of violence severity and dynamics are interrelated.

METHODS

From six primary care clinics, we enrolled 200 adult women who experienced violence in the previous month and asked them to complete daily telephone assessments of household environment, marital relationship and violence using Interactive Verbal Response. To assess non-linearity of violence, algorithmic complexity was measured by LZ complexity and lack of regularity was measured by approximate entropy. Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimension saturation were used to approximate dynamic patterns.

RESULTS

Of the 9618 daily reports, women reported experiencing abuse on 39% of days, while perpetrating violence themselves on 23% of days. Most (59%) displayed random dynamics, 30% showed chaotic and 12% showed periodic dynamics. All three measures of non-linearity consistently demonstrated non-linear patterns of violence. Using multivariate analysis of variance, neither episode severity for men or women showed significant differences across dynamic types, but chaotic dynamics had the lowest frequencies of violence in men and women while random dynamics had the highest frequencies. Approximate entropy was positively correlated with violence frequency and burden in men and women, but Lyapunov exponent was inversely related to violence. LZ complexity correlated positively with wife-perpetrated violence only.

CONCLUSIONS

IPV is rarely a predictable, periodic phenomenon; no behavioural model describes the violence dynamics for all violent relationships. Yet, the measures of non-linearity and specific dynamic patterns correlate with different violent features of these relationships.

摘要

原理、目的和目标：三种行为模型表明亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）存在不同的动态模式。然而，很少有研究能够评估IPV的动态变化。本研究的目的是估计三个月内伴侣间日常暴力的非线性程度，识别其特定的动态模式，并确定暴力严重程度和动态变化的测量指标是否相互关联。

方法

我们从六个初级保健诊所招募了200名成年女性，她们在上个月遭受过暴力，并要求她们使用交互式语音应答系统完成对家庭环境、婚姻关系和暴力的每日电话评估。为了评估暴力的非线性，通过LZ复杂度测量算法复杂度，通过近似熵测量缺乏规律性。使用李雅普诺夫指数和关联维数饱和度来近似动态模式。

结果

在9618份每日报告中，女性报告有39%的日子遭受虐待，而她们自己实施暴力的日子占23%。大多数（59%）表现出随机动态，30%表现出混沌动态，12%表现出周期性动态。所有三种非线性测量指标均一致显示出暴力的非线性模式。使用多变量方差分析，男性或女性的事件严重程度在不同动态类型之间均未显示出显著差异，但混沌动态在男性和女性中的暴力发生频率最低，而随机动态的暴力发生频率最高。近似熵与男性和女性的暴力频率及负担呈正相关，但李雅普诺夫指数与暴力呈负相关。LZ复杂度仅与妻子实施的暴力呈正相关。