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大鼠延髓中口面部运动通路的肾上腺素能受体调节

Adrenoreceptor modulation of oromotor pathways in the rat medulla.

作者信息

Nasse Jason S, Travers Joseph B

机构信息

Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

出版信息

J Neurophysiol. 2014 Aug 1;112(3):580-93. doi: 10.1152/jn.00091.2014. Epub 2014 May 7.

Abstract

Regulation of feeding behavior involves the integration of multiple physiological and neurological pathways that control both nutrient-seeking and consummatory behaviors. The consummatory phase of ingestion includes stereotyped oromotor movements of the tongue and jaw that are controlled through brain stem pathways. These pathways encompass not only cranial nerve sensory and motor nuclei for processing feeding-related afferent signals and supplying the oromotor musculature but also reticular neurons for orchestrating ingestion and coordinating it with other behaviors that utilize the same musculature. Based on decerebrate studies, this circuit should be sensitive to satiety mechanisms mediated centrally by A2 noradrenergic neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNST) that are potently activated during satiety. Because the first observable phase of satiety is inhibition of oromotor movements, we hypothesized that norepinephrine (NE) would act to inhibit prehypoglossal neurons in the medullary reticular formation. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology of retrogradely labeled prehypoglossal neurons and calcium imaging to test this hypothesis, we demonstrate that norepinephrine can influence both pre- and postsynaptic properties of reticular neurons through both α1- and α2-adrenoreceptors. The α1-adrenoreceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) activated an inward current in the presence of TTX and increased the frequency of both inhibitory and excitatory miniature postsynaptic currents. The α2-adrenoreceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DMT) inhibited cNST-evoked excitatory currents as well as spontaneous and miniature excitatory currents through presynaptic mechanisms. The diversity of adrenoreceptor modulation of these prehypoglossal neurons may reflect their role in a multifunctional circuit coordinating both ingestive and respiratory lingual function.

摘要

摄食行为的调节涉及多种生理和神经通路的整合,这些通路控制着觅食和进食行为。摄食的进食阶段包括由脑干通路控制的舌和颌的刻板口面部运动。这些通路不仅包括用于处理与进食相关的传入信号和为口面部肌肉组织提供营养的脑神经感觉和运动核,还包括用于协调摄食并将其与利用相同肌肉组织的其他行为相协调的网状神经元。基于去大脑研究,该回路应该对由孤束尾核(cNST)中的A2去甲肾上腺素能神经元在饱腹感期间有效激活而在中枢介导的饱腹感机制敏感。由于饱腹感的第一个可观察阶段是口面部运动的抑制,我们假设去甲肾上腺素(NE)会抑制延髓网状结构中的舌下神经前神经元。使用逆行标记的舌下神经前神经元的膜片钳电生理学和钙成像来测试这一假设,我们证明去甲肾上腺素可以通过α1和α2肾上腺素能受体影响网状神经元的突触前和突触后特性。α1肾上腺素能受体激动剂去氧肾上腺素(PE)在存在TTX的情况下激活内向电流,并增加抑制性和兴奋性微小突触后电流的频率。α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂右美托咪定(DMT)通过突触前机制抑制cNST诱发的兴奋性电流以及自发性和微小兴奋性电流。这些舌下神经前神经元的肾上腺素能受体调节的多样性可能反映了它们在协调摄食和呼吸舌功能的多功能回路中的作用。

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