Hirneiß C, Kampik A, Neubauer A S
Augenklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336, München, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologe. 2014 May;111(5):420-7. doi: 10.1007/s00347-013-2921-z.
Eye diseases that are relevant regarding their macroeconomic costs and their impact on society include cataract, diabetic retinopathy, age-related maculopathy, glaucoma and refractive errors.
The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of direct and indirect costs for major eye disease categories for Germany, based on existing literature and data sources.
A semi-structured literature search was performed in the databases Medline and Embase and in the search machine Google for relevant original papers and reviews on costs of eye diseases with relevance for or transferability to Germany (last research date October 2013). In addition, manual searching was performed in important national databases and information sources, such as the Federal Office of Statistics and scientific societies.
The direct costs for these diseases add up to approximately 2.6 billion Euros yearly for the Federal Republic of Germany, including out of the pocket payments from patients but excluding optical aids (e.g. glasses). In addition to those direct costs there are also indirect costs which are caused e.g. by loss of employment or productivity or by a reduction in health-related quality of life. These indirect costs can only be roughly estimated. Including the indirect costs for the eye diseases investigated, a total yearly macroeconomic cost ranging between 4 and 12 billion Euros is estimated for Germany.
The costs for the eye diseases cataract, diabetic retinopathy, age-related maculopathy, glaucoma and refractive errors have a macroeconomic relevant dimension. Based on the predicted demographic changes with an ageing society an increase of the prevalence and thus also an increase of costs for eye diseases is expected in the future.
就宏观经济成本及其对社会的影响而言，相关的眼部疾病包括白内障、糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑病变、青光眼和屈光不正。
本文旨在基于现有文献和数据来源，全面概述德国主要眼病类别的直接和间接成本。
在Medline和Embase数据库以及谷歌搜索引擎中进行了半结构化文献检索，以查找与德国相关或可转移至德国的眼病成本的相关原始论文和综述（最新研究日期为2013年10月）。此外，还在重要的国家数据库和信息来源中进行了人工检索，如联邦统计局和科学协会。
对于德意志联邦共和国，这些疾病的直接成本每年总计约26亿欧元，包括患者自付费用，但不包括光学辅助器具（如眼镜）。除了这些直接成本外，还有间接成本，例如由就业或生产力损失或与健康相关的生活质量下降引起的成本。这些间接成本只能大致估算。将所研究眼病的间接成本计算在内，德国每年的宏观经济总成本估计在40亿至120亿欧元之间。
白内障、糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑病变、青光眼和屈光不正等眼病的成本具有宏观经济相关性。基于预测的人口结构变化和社会老龄化，预计未来眼病的患病率将上升，成本也将增加。
