Li Yanqi Ryan, Loft Shayne, Weinborn Michael, Maybery Murray T
a School of Psychology , University of Western Australia , Perth , WA , Australia.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2014;36(6):577-87. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2014.918090. Epub 2014 May 21.
Depression has been found to be related to neurocognitive deficits in areas important to successful prospective memory (PM) performance, including executive function, attention, and retrospective memory. However, research specific to depression and PM has produced a mixed pattern of results. The current study further examined the task conditions in which event-based PM deficits may emerge in individuals with high depressive symptomatology (HDS) relative to individuals with low depressive symptomatology (LDS) and the capacity of HDS individuals to allocate attentional resources to event-based PM tasks. Sixty-four participants (32 HDS, 32 LDS) were required to make a PM response when target words were presented during an ongoing lexical decision task. When the importance of the ongoing task was emphasized, response time costs to the ongoing task, and PM accuracy, did not differ between the HDS and LDS groups. This finding is consistent with previous research demonstrating that event-based PM task accuracy is not always impaired by depression, even when the PM task is resource demanding. When the importance of the PM task was emphasized, costs to the ongoing task further increased for both groups, indicating an increased allocation of attentional resources to the PM task. Crucially, while a corresponding improvement in PM accuracy was observed in the LDS group when the importance of the PM task was emphasized, this was not true for the HDS group. The lack of improved PM accuracy in the HDS group compared with the LDS group despite evidence of increased cognitive resources allocated to PM tasks may have been due to inefficiency in the application of the allocated attention, a dimension likely related to executive function difficulties in depression. Qualitatively different resource allocation patterns may underlie PM monitoring in HDS versus LDS individuals.
研究发现，抑郁症与成功进行前瞻性记忆（PM）表现所必需区域的神经认知缺陷有关，这些区域包括执行功能、注意力和回顾性记忆。然而，针对抑郁症与前瞻性记忆的具体研究结果却参差不齐。本研究进一步考察了与低抑郁症状个体（LDS）相比，高抑郁症状个体（HDS）可能出现基于事件的前瞻性记忆缺陷的任务条件，以及HDS个体为基于事件的前瞻性记忆任务分配注意力资源的能力。64名参与者（32名HDS，32名LDS）在进行词汇判断任务时，当出现目标词时需要做出前瞻性记忆反应。当强调正在进行的任务的重要性时，HDS组和LDS组在进行中的任务的反应时间成本和前瞻性记忆准确性方面没有差异。这一发现与先前的研究一致，表明即使前瞻性记忆任务需要资源，基于事件的前瞻性记忆任务的准确性并不总是会受到抑郁症的损害。当强调前瞻性记忆任务的重要性时，两组在进行中的任务的成本都进一步增加，这表明对前瞻性记忆任务的注意力资源分配增加。至关重要的是，当强调前瞻性记忆任务的重要性时，LDS组的前瞻性记忆准确性相应提高，但HDS组并非如此。尽管有证据表明分配给前瞻性记忆任务的认知资源增加，但与LDS组相比，HDS组的前瞻性记忆准确性并未提高，这可能是由于分配的注意力应用效率低下，这一维度可能与抑郁症患者的执行功能困难有关。HDS个体与LDS个体在进行前瞻性记忆监测时，可能存在质的不同的资源分配模式。
