Gill S K, Teixeira A M, Rosado F, Hankey J, Wright A, Marczak S, Murray A, Costa R J S
Sport & Exercise Science Applied Research Group, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Faculdade de Ciências do desporto e Educação Física, Centro de Estudos Biocinéticos, Coimbra, Portugal.
Int J Sports Med. 2014 Oct;35(11):966-71. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1358479. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
Depressed oral respiratory mucosal immunity and increased incidence of upper respiratory symptoms are commonly reported after bouts of prolonged exercise. The current study observed the impact of a 24-h continuous overnight ultra-marathon competition (distance range: 122-208 km; ambient temperature range: 0-20 °C) on salivary antimicrobial protein responses and incidence of upper respiratory symptoms. Body mass, unstimulated saliva and venous blood samples were taken from ultra-endurance runners (n=25) and controls (n=17), before and immediately after competition. Upper respiratory symptoms were assessed during and until 4-weeks after event completion. Samples were analyzed for salivary IgA, lysozyme, α-amylase and cortisol in addition to plasma osmolality. Decreased saliva flow rate (p<0.001), salivary IgA (p<0.001) and lysozyme (p=0.015) secretion rates, and increased salivary α-amylase secretion rate (p<0.001) and cortisol responses (p<0.001) were observed post-competition in runners, with no changes being observed in controls. No incidences of upper respiratory symptoms were reported by participants. A 24-h continuous overnight ultra-marathon resulted in the depression of some salivary antimicrobial protein responses, but no incidences of upper respiratory symptoms were evident during or following competition. Salivary antimicrobial protein synergism, effective management of non-infectious episodes, maintaining euhydration, and (or) favourable environmental influences could have accounted for the low prevalence of upper respiratory symptoms.
长时间运动后，常出现口腔呼吸黏膜免疫功能下降和上呼吸道症状发病率增加的情况。本研究观察了一场持续24小时的夜间超级马拉松比赛（距离范围：122 - 208公里；环境温度范围：0 - 20°C）对唾液抗菌蛋白反应和上呼吸道症状发病率的影响。在比赛前和比赛结束后立即从超级耐力跑者（n = 25）和对照组（n = 17）采集体重、非刺激性唾液和静脉血样本。在比赛期间及比赛结束后直至4周内评估上呼吸道症状。除了血浆渗透压外，还对样本进行唾液免疫球蛋白A、溶菌酶、α -淀粉酶和皮质醇的分析。赛后观察到跑者的唾液流速降低（p < 0.001）、唾液免疫球蛋白A分泌率降低（p < 0.001）和溶菌酶分泌率降低（p = 0.015），以及唾液α -淀粉酶分泌率增加（p < 0.001）和皮质醇反应增加（p < 0.001），而对照组未观察到变化。参与者未报告上呼吸道症状的发生情况。一场持续24小时的夜间超级马拉松导致一些唾液抗菌蛋白反应受到抑制，但在比赛期间或比赛后均未出现明显的上呼吸道症状。唾液抗菌蛋白协同作用、对非感染性发作的有效管理、维持水合状态正常以及（或）有利的环境影响可能是上呼吸道症状患病率较低的原因。
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