Memish Ziad A, Alzahrani Mohammed, Alhakeem Rafat F, Bamgboye Elijah A, Smadi Hanan N
Ziad A Memish, MD, FRCP (Can), FRCP (Edin), FRCP (Lond), FACP, Deputy Minister for Public Health Director WHO, Collaborating Center for Mass Gathering, Medicine Ministry of Health Professor,, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh 11176,, Saudi Arabia, T: +9661-2124052, F: +9661-2125052,
Ann Saudi Med. 2014 Mar-Apr;34(2):153-8. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2014.153.
Saudi Arabia has implemented strategies for the eradication of malaria. However, influx of people from countries endemic for malaria for either employment or Hajj makes the country highly susceptible to malaria importation. The Makkah region is known to host millions of immigrants yearly and has a surveillance system to monitor the incidence of malaria. The objective of this study was to examine malaria patients, nationality, and parasite type in Makkah region between 2008 and 2011.
A retrospective analysis of all reported malaria cases from 19 sentinel sites in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia, for the period between 2008 and 2011.
Analysis of surveillance data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago).
A total of 318 malaria cases were reported in these 4 years, of which only 3.6% of cases were less than 10 years of age, including 2 cases below 5 years. Non-Saudis were 95% and Pakistanis, Nigerians, and Indians accounted for 62.0%. Plasmodium falciparum (67%). Plasmodium vivax (32%) and Plasmodium ovale (1.6%) were the notable parasites.
The low frequency of malaria in Makkah suggests that Saudi Arabia is in the consolidation phase of malaria eradication. The absence of local transmission of malaria is indicated by low frequency of malaria in children less than 5 years of age, and high frequency of malaria in non-Saudis is evidence of malaria importation. Health workers attending to foreigners with febrile illness from Pakistan, Nigeria, and India should consider malaria as their first line of suspicion.
沙特阿拉伯已实施根除疟疾的策略。然而，因就业或朝觐从疟疾流行国家涌入的人员使该国极易出现疟疾输入情况。已知麦加地区每年接待数百万移民，并有一个监测系统来监控疟疾发病率。本研究的目的是调查2008年至2011年期间麦加地区的疟疾患者、国籍及寄生虫类型。
对沙特阿拉伯麦加地区19个哨点在2008年至2011年期间报告的所有疟疾病例进行回顾性分析。
使用SPSS 15.0软件（SPSS公司，芝加哥）对监测数据进行分析。
这4年共报告了318例疟疾病例，其中年龄小于10岁的病例仅占3.6%，包括2例5岁以下病例。非沙特人占95%，其中巴基斯坦人、尼日利亚人和印度人占62.0%。恶性疟原虫（67%）、间日疟原虫（32%）和卵形疟原虫（1.6%）为主要寄生虫。
麦加地区疟疾发病率较低表明沙特阿拉伯正处于疟疾根除的巩固阶段。5岁以下儿童疟疾发病率低表明不存在疟疾本地传播，而非沙特人疟疾发病率高则证明存在疟疾输入情况。诊治来自巴基斯坦、尼日利亚和印度的发热外国患者的医护人员应首先怀疑疟疾。
