Percept Mot Skills. 2014 Apr;118(2):608-21. doi: 10.2466/15.30.PMS.118k21w5.
Technical skill proficiency among elite table tennis players with intellectual disabilities (ID) was investigated in this study using two approaches: an off-court simulation testing protocol and an on-court, standardized observational framework during game play. Participants included 24 players with ID (M age = 25 yr., SD = 6; M IQ = 61, SD = 9), the top 16 performers, 13 men and 11 women, at the International Federation for sport for para-athletes with an intellectual disability (Inas) World Championships. Self-reported table tennis training experience of the players was 13 +/- 5 yr. In the Simulation Testing condition, players were instructed to play five sets of basic and five sets of advanced skills, which were subsequently assessed by experts using a standardized and validated observational protocol. The same protocol was used to assess the same skills during Game Play. Ratings of overall technical proficiency were not significantly different between Simulation Testing and Game Play conditions. There was a strong positive correlation between technical proficiency measured during Game Play vs Simulation Testing for the variables flick, topspin forehand, and topspin backhand. No correlations were found for the variables contra, block, and push. Insight into this relationship is important for future development of classification systems for ID athletes in the Paralympic Games, because comparing competition observation with the athlete's potential shown during the classification session is essential information for classifiers to confirm the athlete's competition class.
本研究采用两种方法研究了智力残疾(ID)精英乒乓球运动员的技术熟练程度:场外模拟测试方案和比赛期间的标准观察框架。参与者包括 24 名 ID 运动员(M 年龄=25 岁,SD=6;M IQ=61,SD=9),他们是智力残疾运动员国际联合会(Inas)世界锦标赛中表现最好的 16 名运动员中的前 16 名,其中包括 13 名男性和 11 名女性。运动员报告的乒乓球训练经验为 13±5 年。在模拟测试条件下,要求运动员进行五组基本技能和五组高级技能的比赛,随后由专家使用标准化和验证过的观察方案进行评估。相同的方案用于评估比赛期间的相同技能。在模拟测试和比赛条件下,整体技术熟练程度的评分没有显著差异。在比赛中测量的技术熟练程度与模拟测试之间存在很强的正相关,对于 flick、正手旋转和反手旋转这三个变量来说是如此,但对于 contra、block 和 push 这三个变量则不是。了解这种关系对于未来残奥会 ID 运动员的分类系统的发展很重要,因为将比赛观察与分类会议期间运动员的潜在表现进行比较是分类器确认运动员比赛等级的重要信息。