Carter J Scott, Carter Shannon K
University of Central Florida, United States.
University of Central Florida, United States.
Soc Sci Res. 2014 Sep;47:165-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.04.001. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
Scholars have debated whether racial attitudes are socialized early in life and persist throughout one's lifetime or are open to influences from one's environment as an adult. This study introduces another approach that holds that place, as opposed to the timing of socialization, is an important consideration for the socialization of racial attitudes. Using data from the American National Election Study, we consider the effect of region and urban residency on racial attitudes by comparing lifelong residents of these locations to those who migrate into and out of them. Using improved measures of early life socialization and region of residency, we conclude that a place-based model can be used to explain the socialization of racial resentment. For regional migrants, those moving into and out of the non-South maintain levels of racial resentment similar to non-Southern stayers. For urban migrants, the lifelong openness model of socialization was most appropriate. These migrants were more likely to change and adopt the level of racial resentment similar to that of their destination peers. These findings generally persist across time.
学者们一直在争论，种族态度是在生命早期就被社会化并贯穿一生，还是在成年后容易受到环境影响。本研究引入了另一种方法，该方法认为，与社会化的时机相反，地点是种族态度社会化的一个重要考虑因素。利用美国全国选举研究的数据，我们通过将这些地区的终身居民与迁入和迁出这些地区的居民进行比较，来考虑地区和城市居住情况对种族态度的影响。使用改进后的早年社会化和居住地区衡量标准，我们得出结论，基于地点的模型可用于解释种族怨恨的社会化。对于地区移民来说，迁入和迁出非南方地区的人所保持的种族怨恨水平与非南方地区的常住居民相似。对于城市移民来说，社会化的终身开放性模型最为合适。这些移民更有可能改变并采用与其目的地同龄人相似的种族怨恨水平。这些发现总体上随时间持续存在。
